The continuous growth of Chinese economy and population, as well as the changes in social structure, have made China one of the countries with the fastest growing elderly population. The prevention and prognosis of geriatric diseases are facing great challenges. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. The pathological characteristics of AD are the long-term (more than 20 years) deposition of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques, which lead to the death or loss of function of neurons. At present, clinical diagnosis is mainly based on cognitive tests, imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests, which limits the application of these diagnostic methods in the early detection of AD. Although biomarkers such as the ratio of amyloid-β (Aβ_40/42) in blood and proteins such as phosphorylated Tau-181 and Tau-217 have received widespread attention, their application is usually limited to the assessment of disease progression, because changes in Tau protein are generally considered to be secondary reactions to Aβ deposition and are not suitable for early detection. Urine contains a variety of biomolecules, and its composition can reflect the physiological and pathological changes of the body in real time, which makes urine an ideal choice for biomarker discovery and early screening of diseases. The value of urine as a non-invasive peripheral metabolite biological fluid in the early detection of AD is gradually being promoted and applied. This article mainly summarizes and prospects the research progress in developing urine biomarkers as a means of early detection of AD.