Objective: To explore the relationship between apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and executive function in people with early cognitive impairment (EMCI), late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), and early Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and to establish a group of Normal Control (NC) as a control group, in order to provide help for clinical intervention in the AD patients. Methods: A total of 142 people aged 50-80 years were recruited from Chengdu Fourth People's Hospital, including 35 cases of EMCI, 17 cases of LMCI, 26 cases of AD and 64 cases of NC. Each patient collected the following scales for executive function assessments using The Shape Trail Test part A (STT-A), The Shape Trail Test part B (STT-B), The Animal Fluency Test (AFT), The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Digit Span Test (DST) at baseline. The laboratory collected morning fasting blood to detect ApoA1 and ApoB levels. Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between ApoA1, ApoB and executive function, and linear regression analysis of the influencing factors of ApoA1 and ApoB on executive function. Results: The years of education in AD group were significantly lower than that in the NC group (P<0.05); In the NC group，the time spent on STT-A and STT-B were significantly lower than that in the EMCI group, LMCI group and AD group(P<0.05); in the EMCI group, the time spent on STT-A was significantly lower than that in the AD group(P<0.05), and the AFT and SDMT scores were significantly lower than those in the NC group(P<0.05) ; in the AD group, the AFT score was significantly lower than that in the NC group and LMCI group(P<0.05) ; the SDMT and DST score was significantly lower than that in the NC group (P<0.05) ; the ApoA1 level in the AD group was significantly lower than that in the NC group and EMCI group(P<0.05) ; there was no statistically significant difference in the ApoB levels among the four groups. ApoA1 levels were positively correlated with AFT, SDMT, and DST (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with STT-A and STT-B (P<0.05) ; ApoB levels had no correlation with executive functions; after adjusting for confounding factors, the multiple linear regression results of ApoA1 and executive function showed that ApoA1 significantly positively affected SDMT (P<0.05). After diagnosis stratification, the results of linear regression between ApoA1 and SDMT showed that ApoA1 could significantly positively affect SDMT in the NC group, LMCI group, and AD group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The connection between ApoB and executive function has not been found;. ApoA1 is mainly significantly related to information processing speed in the NC group, LMCI group, and AD group, indicating that the combination of ApoA1 and information processing speed can become an important tool for exploring cognitive impairment..