Alzheimer's disease comparative analysis of Ultra-sensitive biomarker detection technologies for early diagnosis

DONG Jay Zengjun, ZHEN Hongying

Chinese Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders ›› 2025, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (4) : 270-277.

PDF(1026 KB)
Home Journals Chinese Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders
Chinese Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders

Abbreviation (ISO4): Chinese Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders      Editor in chief: Jun WANG

About  /  Aim & scope  /  Editorial board  /  Indexed  /  Contact  / 
PDF(1026 KB)
Chinese Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders ›› 2025, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (4) : 270-277. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-5516.2025.04.009
Review

Alzheimer's disease comparative analysis of Ultra-sensitive biomarker detection technologies for early diagnosis

Author information +
History +

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease has become a great concern in the current aging society. In order to better treat this disease, it is crucial to study and understand its pathogenic mechanisms. Equally important is how to detect Alzheimer's disease early and more accurately. Here, we summarized the pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and compared its different detection methods.

Key words

Alzheimer's disease / β-Amyloid / Tau / Simoa

Cite this article

Download Citations
DONG Jay Zengjun , ZHEN Hongying. Alzheimer's disease comparative analysis of Ultra-sensitive biomarker detection technologies for early diagnosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. 2025, 8(4): 270-277 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2096-5516.2025.04.009

References

[1]
World Alzheimer Report 2018[R/OL]. (2018-12-19)[2018-04-15].https://www.alzsint.org/resource/world-alzheimer-report-2018/
[2]
Jia L, Du Y, Chu L, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and management of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older in China: a cross-sectional study[J]. Lancet Public Health, 2020, 5(12):e661-e671.
[3]
Wang X, Wang C, Pei G, et al. α-secretase ADAM10 physically interacts with β-secretase BACE1 in neurons and regulates CHL1 proteolysis[J]. J Mol Cell Biol, 2018, 10(5):411-422.
[4]
Hardy J, Selkoe DJ. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics[J]. Science, 2002, 297(5580):353-356.
[5]
Bonda DJ, Lee HG, Camins A, et al. The sirtuin pathway in ageing and Alzheimer disease: mechanistic and therapeutic considerations[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2011, 10(3):275-279.
[6]
Tracy TE, Madero-Pérez J, Swaney DL, et al. Tau interactome maps synaptic and mitochondrial processes associated with neurodegeneration[J]. Cell, 2022, 185(4):712-728.e14.
[7]
García-Sierra F, Mondragón-Rodríguez S, Basurto-Islas G, et al. Truncation of tau protein and its pathological significance in Alzheimer's disease[J]. J Alzheimers Dis, 2008, 14(4):401-409.
[8]
Zhang Z, Zhao R, Qi J, et al. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β by Angelica sinensis extract decreases β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity and tau phosphorylation in cultured cortical neurons[J]. J Neurosci Res, 2011, 89(3):437-447.
[9]
Chao WW, Hong YH, Chen ML, et al. Inhibitory effects of angelica sinensis ethyl acetate extract and major compounds on NF-kappaB trans-activation activity and LPS-induced inflammation[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2010, 129(2):244-249.
[10]
Johansson S, Jämsä A, Vasänge M, et al. Increased tau phosphorylation at the Ser396 epitope after amyloid beta-exposure in organotypic cultures[J]. Neuroreport, 2006, 17(9):907-911.
[11]
Elyaman W, Terro F, Wong NS, et al. In vivo activation and nuclear translocation of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in neuronal apoptosis: links to tau phosphorylation[J]. Eur J Neurosci, 2002, 15(4):651-660.
[12]
Husain MA, Laurent B, Plourde M, et al. APOE and Alzheimer's disease: from lipid transport to physiopathology and therapeutics[J]. Front Neurosci, 2021, 15:630502.
[13]
Norwitz NG, Saif N, Ariza IE, et al. Precision nutrition for Alzheimer's prevention in ApoE4 carriers[J]. Nutrients, 2021, 13(4):1362.
[14]
Alzheimer's Association. Is Alzheimer's Genetic?[EB/OL]. (2021-12-19)[2021-04-15].https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-alzheimers/causes-and-risk-factors/genetics.
[15]
Michaelson DM. APOE ε4: the most prevalent yet understudied risk factor for Alzheimer's disease[J]. Alzheimers Dement, 2014, 10(6):861-868.
[17]
Wang YY, Ge YJ, Tan CC, et al. The proportion of APOE4 carriers among non-demented individuals: a pooled analysis of 389,000 community-dwellers[J]. J Alzheimers Dis, 2021, 81(3):1331-1339.
[18]
Doucette R, Fisman M, Hachinski VC, et al. Cell loss from the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer's disease[J]. Can J Neurol Sci, 1986, 13(4 Suppl):435-440.
[19]
Sochocka M, Zwolińska K, Leszek J, et al. The infectious etiology of Alzheimer's disease[J]. Curr Neuropharmacol, 2017, 15(7):996-1009.
[20]
Abbott A. Are infections seeding some cases of Alzheimer's disease?[J]. Nature, 2020, 587(7832):22-25.
[21]
Lin WR, Wozniak MA, Cooper RJ, et al. Herpesviruses in brain and Alzheimer's disease[J]. J Pathol, 2002, 197(3):395-402.
[22]
Akiyama H, Barger S, Barnum S, et al. Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease[J]. Neurobiol Aging, 2000, 21(3):383-421.
[23]
Soscia SJ, Kirby JE, Washicosky KJ, et al. The Alzheimer's disease-associated amyloid beta-protein is an antimicrobial peptide[J]. PLoS One, 2010, 5(3):e9505.
[24]
McGeer PL, Rogers J, McGeer EG, et al. Inflammation, Antiinflammatory agents, and Alzheimer's disease: the last 22 years[J]. J Alzheimers Dis, 2016, 54(3):853-857.
[25]
Itzhaki RF. Corroboration of a major role for herpes simplex virus type 1 in Alzheimer's disease[J]. Front Aging Neurosci, 2018, 10:324.
[26]
Huang J, Su B, Karhunen V, et al. Inflammatory diseases, inflammatory biomarkers, and Alzheimer disease: an observational analysis and mendelian randomization[J]. Neurology, 2023, 100(6):e568-e581.
[27]
Adlard PA, Bush AI. Metals and Alzheimer's disease: how far have we come in the clinic?[J]. J Alzheimers Dis, 2018, 62(3):1369-1379.
[28]
Levi S, Finazzi D. Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation: update on pathogenic mechanisms[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2014, 5:99.
[29]
Olesen RH, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, et al. Obesity and age-related alterations in the gene expression of zinc-transporter proteins in the human brain[J]. Transl Psychiatry, 2016, 6(6):e838.
[30]
Hansson O, Zetterberg H, Vanmechelen E, et al. Evaluation of plasma Abeta(40) and Abeta(42) as predictors of conversion to Alzheimer's disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment[J]. Neurobiol Aging, 2010, 31(3):357-367.
[31]
Janelidze S, Stomrud E, Palmqvist S, et al. Plasma beta-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease and vascular disease[J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6:26801.
[32]
Palmqvist S, Janelidze S, Stomrud E, et al. Performance of fully automated plasma assays as screening tests for Alzheimer disease-related beta-amyloid status[J]. JAMA Neurol, 2019, 76(10):1060-1069.
[33]
Pannee J, Tornqvist U, Westerlund A, et al. The amyloid-beta degradation pattern in plasma-a possible tool for clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease[J]. Neurosci Lett, 2014, 573:7-12.
[34]
Schmidt SD, Nixon RA, Mathews PM, et al. ELISA method for measurement of amyloid-beta levels[J]. Methods Mol Biol, 2005, 299:279-297.
[35]
Brenes A, Hukelmann J, Bensaddek D. et al. Multibatch TMT reveals false positives, batch effects and missing values[J]. Mol Cell Proteomics, 2019, 18(10):1967-1980.
[36]
Gold L, Ayers D, Bertino J, et al. Aptamer-based multiplexed proteomic technology for biomarker discovery[J]. PLoS One, 2010, 5(12):e15004.
[37]
Rissin DM, Fournier DR, Piech T, et al. Simultaneous detection of single molecules and singulated ensembles of molecules enables immunoassays with broad dynamic range[J]. Anal Chem, 2011, 83(6):2279-2285.
[38]
Olsson B, Lautner R, Andreasson U, et al. CSF and blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2016, 15(7):673-684.
[39]
Rissin DM, Kan CW, Campbell TG, et al. Single-molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detects serum proteins at subfemtomolar concentrations[J]. Nat Biotechnol, 2010, 28(6):595-599.
[40]
Rissin DM, Fournier DR, Piech T, et al. Simultaneous detection of single molecules and singulated ensembles of molecules enables immunoassays with broad dynamic range[J]. Anal Chem, 2011, 83(6):2279-2285.
[41]
De Meyer S, Schaeverbeke JM, Verberk IMW, et al. Comparison of ELISA- and SIMOA-based quantification of plasma Abeta ratios for early detection of cerebral amyloidosis[J]. Alzheimers Res Ther, 2020, 12(1):162.
[42]
Pais MV, Forlenza OV, Diniz BS, et al. Plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: a review of available assays, recent developments, and implications for clinical practice[J]. J Alzheimers Dis Rep, 2023, 7(1):355-380.
[43]
Khalafi M, Dartora WJ, McIntire LBJ, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of phosphorylated tau217 in detecting Alzheimer's disease pathology among cognitively impaired and unimpaired: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Alzheimers Dement, 2024, 1-21.
[44]
Xiao Z, Wu W, Ma X, et al. Plasma p-tau217, p-tau181, and NfL as early indicators of dementia risk in a community cohort: The Shanghai Aging Study[J]. Alzheimers Dement, 2023, 15:e12514.
[45]
Janelidze S, Teunissen CE, Zetterberg H, et al. Head-to-head comparison of 8 plasma amyloid-beta 42/40 assays in Alzheimer disease[J]. JAMA Neurol, 2021, 78(11):1375-1382.
PDF(1026 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/