With ageing of populations, the worldwide population of persons with dementia will reach over 81 million by 2040, of which the most common cause is Alzheimer's disease. In recent years, there have been major advances in the understanding of its pathogenesis, methods to diagnose it, and treatment. Magnetic resonance brain imaging, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and Pittsburgh compound B and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography of the brain can facilitate an accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in its early stage, and diagnose the mild cognitive impairment stage of Alzheimer's disease. At present, only symptomatic but not disease-modifying drug treatments are available. Donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine are the currently approved cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of mild, moderate, and severe Alzheimer's disease. Overall, cholinesterase inhibitors show beneficial effects on cognition, activity of daily living, behaviour, and overall clinical rating. Memantine is another symptomatic treatment for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease patients. It has a small beneficial effect on cognition, activity of daily living, behaviour, and overall clinical rating. Vitamin E has antioxidant properties, and may be used in some Alzheimer's disease patients without vascular risk factors. Concurrent non-pharmacological and psychosocial management of patients and their caregivers have a very important role. Disease-modifying therapies are still under development, whilst immunotherapy may be a viable option in the near future.

目的：观察天智颗粒治疗轻中度血管性痴呆肝阳上亢证的疗效与安全性。方法：纳入全国28个中心诊断的轻中度血管性痴呆肝阳上亢证患者965例，给予天智颗粒5 g/次，3次/天，治疗前、治疗后4周、12周、24周进行简易状态量表（MMSE）、肝阳上亢证量表（GYSK）、临床医师访谈时对病情变化的印象补充量表（CIBIC-plus）评估。结果：治疗后轻度和中度血管性痴呆组MMSE评分均增高，GYSK评分均降低，与治疗前比较有显著性差异（P结论：天智颗粒能明显改善轻中度血管性痴呆患者的认知功能和中医证候，不良反应少，安全性高。

目的：研究杞鹿健肾颗粒对非痴呆型血管性认知障碍（VCIND）患者认知功能和血管炎症因子的影响,为中医药早期干预VCIND提供临床依据。方法：随机将肾虚髓减型VCIND患者68例分为治疗组和对照组,每组34例,两组在常规治疗基础上,对照组予尼莫地平片,治疗组予杞鹿健肾颗粒,治疗周期6个月。用药前、后检测中医证候积分、MMSE评分、MoCA评分、CRP、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α指标。结果：中药组中医证候积分、MMSE、MoCA评分有显著改善,与西药对照组相比差异有统计学意义。中药组IL-6、TNF-α均明显下降,与西药对照组相比差异有统计学意义。IL-1β水平有下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义。CRP水平治疗前后的组内、组间比较差异均无统计学意义。结论：1。杞鹿健肾颗粒可改善VCIND患者中医证候积分和认知功能;2。杞鹿健肾颗粒可降低IL-6、TNF-α水平,有降低IL-1β的趋势。