Journal of Inorganic Materials >
Enhanced Styrene Adsorption by Grafted Lactone-based Activated Carbon
Received date: 2023-10-13
Revised date: 2023-12-04
Online published: 2024-04-25
Supported by
Key R&D Projects of Sichuan Province(2023YFS0354)
Activated carbon's porous nature and high specific surface area make it an effective tool for adsobing waste gas containing styrene. However, the mechanism by which oxygen-containing functional groups adsorb weak-polar styrene remains unclear. This study described the preparation of the modified activated carbon materials AC-S and AC-N using the acid leaching method. The pore structure and specific surface area of modified activated carbon, the evolution of oxygen-containing functional groups, and their impact on the styrene-adsorbing performance were investigated. The results demonstrated that acid modification significantly improved the styrene-adsorbing capacity of activated carbon. Physical and chemical adsorption impacted both modified and unmodified activated carbon materials, as determined by the adsorption kinetics studies and isotherm fitting analyses. Monolayer adsorption was more likely to occur on modified activated carbon. HNO3-modified activated carbon (AC-N) maintained its effective styrene adsorption pore size range. The increasing number of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface improved the styrene adsorption performance of AC-N. Study of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface revealed that lactone group was a key factor in improving the modified activated carbon's ability to adsorb styrene. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that lactone group on AC-N strongly interacted with the vinyl group in styrene, thereby enhancing the styrene adsorption performance of modified activated carbon.
Guangyu WU , Song SHU , Hongwei ZHANG , Jianjun LI . Enhanced Styrene Adsorption by Grafted Lactone-based Activated Carbon[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2024 , 39(4) : 390 -398 . DOI: 10.15541/jim20230473
表1 AC、AC-S和AC-N的孔径结构特征Table 1 Textural characteristics of AC, AC-S, and AC-N |
Sample | SBET/ (m2•g-1) | Vmicro/ (cm3•g-1) | Vmeso/ (cm3•g-1) | Vtotal/ (cm3•g-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
AC | 485.51 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.33 |
AC-S | 558.10 | 0.14 | 0.24 | 0.38 |
AC-N | 348.88 | 0.06 | 0.21 | 0.27 |
表S1 AC、AC-S、AC-N吸附苯乙烯的动力学参数Table S1 Kinetic parameters of styrene adsorption by AC, AC-S, and AC-N |
Sample | PFO | PSO | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qe/(mg•g-1) | k1/min-1 | R2 | qe/(mg•g-1) | k2/(g•mg-1•min-1) | R2 | |
AC | 123 | 0.0041 | 0.99 | 184 | 1.59×10-5 | 0.99 |
AC-S | 319 | 0.0015 | 0.99 | 548 | 1.59×10-6 | 0.99 |
AC-N | 338 | 0.0014 | 0.99 | 595 | 1.29×10-6 | 0.99 |
表S2 苯乙烯吸附的Langmuir和Freundlich模型拟合参数Table S2 Fitting parameters of the Langmuir and Freundlich models for styrene adsorption |
Isotherm model | Parameter | AC | AC-S | AC-N |
---|---|---|---|---|
Langmuir | qe/(mg•g-1) | 239 | 317 | 281 |
KL/(m3•mg-1) | 0.25 | 0.40 | 0.42 | |
R2 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.97 | |
RMSE | 3.53 | 3.86 | 5.39 | |
Freundlich | KF/((mg•g-1)·(m3•mg-1)1/n) | 59.82 | 122.75 | 102.76 |
n | 2.06 | 2.63 | 2.69 | |
R2 | 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.93 | |
RMSE | 2.73 | 7.74 | 8.52 |
表S3 AC、AC-S和AC-N的表面官能团含量Table S3 Amounts of surface functional groups of AC, AC-S, and AC-N |
Sample | Hydroxyl group/(mmol•g-1) | Lactone group/(mmol•g-1) | Carboxyl group/(mmol•g-1) | Total/(mmol•g-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
AC | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.13 |
AC-S | 0.21 | 0.82 | 0.15 | 1.18 |
AC-N | 0.14 | 0.63 | 0.37 | 1.14 |
表S4 AC、AC-S、AC-N表面C1s的XPS分析结果Table S4 XPS results of C1s on the surface of AC, AC-S, and AC-N |
Sample | Relative content/% | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
C-C | C-O | C=O/COOH | O-C=O | |
AC | 70.67 | 20.99 | 2.91 | 5.43 |
AC-S | 65.14 | 16.56 | 4.99 | 13.32 |
AC-N | 72.94 | 6.70 | 14.57 | 5.79 |
图S1 苯乙烯动态吸附装置示意图Fig. S1 Schematic illustration of styrene dynamic adsorption device |
图S2 活性炭的SEM形貌Fig. S2 SEM morphologies of activated carbon (a) AC; (b) AC-S; (c) AC-N |
图S3 AC、AC-S和AC-N的(a)C1s XPS谱图和(b)含氧官能团的相对含量Fig. S3 (a) C1s XPS spectra and (b) relative contents of oxygen-containing functional groups for AC, AC-S and AC-N |
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