Journal of Inorganic Materials >
Broadband-modulated Photochromic Smart Windows Based on Oxygen-containing Gadolinium Hydride Films
Received date: 2023-11-24
Revised date: 2023-12-01
Online published: 2024-04-25
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA0718900)
Key Collaborative Research Program of the Alliance of International Science Organizations(ANSO-CR-KP-2021-01)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972328)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(62005301)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52002392)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(62175248)
Shanghai B&R International Cooperation Program(20640770200)
Shanghai ‘‘Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan’’ Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Cooperation Program(21520712500)
Shanghai Science and Technology Funds(23ZR1481900)
Open Project of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(2022WNLOKF014)
Science Foundation for Youth Scholar of State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures(SKL202202)
Photochromic windows are considered an effective and energy-efficient smart window due to their simple structure, passive light modulation, and zero-energy input. However, the research on photochromic smart windows has rarely addressed the mid-infrared (MIR) bands, which greatly limits energy-saving efficiency. Here, we report that rare-earth oxygen-containing hydrides (ReOxHy) films grown on ITO substrates have the ability to be broadband modulated. The developed photochromic smart window is capable of automatically adjusting emissivity by sensing light intensity while maintaining visible and near-infrared (NIR) modulation (ΔTsol = 35.1%, ΔTlum = 37%, and Δε8-13 μm = 0.12). We also achieved one-step preparation of GdOxHy with improved stability by optimising the preparation atmosphere. The photochromic mechanism was analyzed by comprehensive characterization. In conclusion, this passive and synergistic modulation method across the visible-NIR-MIR is expected to greatly advance the field of photochromic smart windows.
Zhongshao LI , Ming LI , Xun CAO . Broadband-modulated Photochromic Smart Windows Based on Oxygen-containing Gadolinium Hydride Films[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2024 , 39(4) : 441 -448 . DOI: 10.15541/jim20230539
Fig. 1 Microstructural characterization of ITO/GdOxHy bilayer film(a) XRD patterns of ITO/GdOxHy before (blue) and after (red) illumination; (b) Schematic crystal structure of GdOxHy; (c-f) SEM images of cross section (c, e) and surface (d, f) of thin film samples with the insets in (d, f) showing the corresponding AFM images |
Fig. 3 Effect of sputtering atmosphere on film properties(a) XRD patterns of films prepared under different sputtering atmospheres; (b) Value at the point of maximum change in transmittance for films grown under different sputtering atmospheres; (c) Bleaching time of films under different sputtering atmospheres; (d, e) Transmittance spectra of films before and after stability test |
Fig. 4 Effect of temperature on the bleaching rate(a) Energy-barrier relationship between the "bleached state (1)" and "coloring state (2)" at room temperature; (b) Energy-barrier relationship between "bleached state (1)" and "coloring state (2)" when heated; (c) Bleaching rates of films at different temperatures; (d) Variation of transmission spectra of films with time and placed in a temperature field of 70 ℃; (e) Relationship between optical contrast, band gap (Tauc-plot method), and annealing temperature; (f) Transmittance spectra of GdOxHy films at different annealing temperatures; Colorful figures are available on website |
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