Four-Quadrant Energy Storage Planning Method for Enhancing Photovoltaics Consumption Capacity and Safety of Distribution Networks

Shizhao HU, Shiyu JI, Jianjian JIANG, Jiadu DONG, Liang XU, Tianlin WANG, Shen CHEN, Mingbo LIU

South Power Sys Technol ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3) : 115-126.

PDF(3392 KB)
Home Journals Southern Power System Technology
Southern Power System Technology

Abbreviation (ISO4): South Power Sys Technol      Editor in chief:

About  /  Aim & scope  /  Editorial board  /  Indexed  /  Contact  / 
PDF(3392 KB)
South Power Sys Technol ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3) : 115-126. DOI: 10.13648/j.cnki.issn1674-0629.2026.03.011
Integrated Energy System Planning and Low Carbon Operation

Four-Quadrant Energy Storage Planning Method for Enhancing Photovoltaics Consumption Capacity and Safety of Distribution Networks

Author information +
History +

Abstract

With the widespread integration of high proportion photovoltaics into the distribution network, the problem of node voltage and line flow exceeding limits is becoming increasingly prominent. And there is a possibility of "PV curtailment" phenomenon. Therefore, a two-stage distributionally robust optimization model is established for energy storage configuration in the distribution networks to enhance the photovoltaic consumption capacity and safety of distribution networks. The first stage of the model determines the installation location and capacity of energy storage with the goal of minimizing the annual investment cost of energy storage. The second stage simulates the optimal operation of the distribution network on typical days throughout the year, with the goal of minimizing the annual operating cost of the distribution network. Multiple uncertainty sets based on norm-2 distance are used to describe the uncertainty of the output of PVs and loads in the typical days respectively, and the four-quadrant operating characteristics of energy storage are considered. The column and constraint generation algorithm and max-min sub-problem decomposition algorithm are used to solve the model. And simulation analysis is conducted on an actual 10 kV distribution network to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Key words

distribution network / four-quadrant energy storage / photovoltaics and loads uncertainty / optimal configuration / distributionally robust optimization

Cite this article

Download Citations
Shizhao HU , Shiyu JI , Jianjian JIANG , et al . Four-Quadrant Energy Storage Planning Method for Enhancing Photovoltaics Consumption Capacity and Safety of Distribution Networks[J]. Southern Power System Technology. 2026, 20(3): 115-126 https://doi.org/10.13648/j.cnki.issn1674-0629.2026.03.011

References

[1]
赵鹏程. 含分布式光伏配电网的分层分级控制策略研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2023.
[2]
梅笑妍, 陶苏朦, 张瀛文, 等. 基于四象限储能功率线性化模型的配电网协同优化[J]. 南方电网技术202418(6): 112 - 120.
MEI Xiaoyan TAO Sumeng ZHANG Yingwen, et al. Coordinated optimization of distribution network based on linear model of four-quadrant energy storage power[J]. Southern Power System Technology202418(6): 112 - 120.
[3]
张伟骏, 李智诚, 陈大玮, 等. 配网侧分布式储能系统的随机优化配置和选址方法[J]. 高压电器202359(7): 125 - 135.
ZHANG Weijun LI Zhicheng CHEN Dawei, et al. Stochastic optimal configuration and site selection method of grid⁃side distributed energy storage system[J]. High Voltage Apparatus202359(7): 125 - 135.
[4]
顾怡, 邢洁, 马洪艳, 等. 计及配网电压越限的光储协同优化运行策略[J]. 储能科学与技术202413(3): 893 - 902.
GU Yi XING Jie MA Hongyan, et al. Optimal operation strategy of distributed photovoltaic and energy storage systems by considering voltage violations in the distribution network[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology202413(3): 893 - 902.
[5]
葛津铭, 刘英儒, 庞丹, 等. 含高渗透率光伏配电网的集群划分电压控制策略[J]. 高电压技术202450(1): 74 - 82.
GE Jinming LIU Yingru PANG Dan, et al. Cluster division voltage control strategy of photovoltaic distribution network with high permeability[J]. High Voltage Engineering202450(1): 74 - 82.
[6]
李翠萍, 东哲民, 李军徽, 等. 配电网分布式储能集群调压控制策略[J]. 电力系统自动化202145(4): 133 - 141.
LI Cuiping DONG Zhemin LI junhui, et al. Control strategy of voltage regulation for distributed energy storage cluster in distribution network[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems202145(4): 133 - 141.
[7]
韩璟琳, 胡平, 侯若松, 等. 计及多光储一体机的配电网电压优化控制策略[J]. 中国电力202457(6): 69 - 77,152.
HAN Jinglin HU Ping HOU Ruosong, et al. Voltage optimal control strategy for distribution networks with multiple integrated photovoltaic and energy storage machines[J]. Electric Power202457(6): 69 - 77,152.
[8]
LI J ZHANG L ZHANG B, et al. Coordinated planning for flexible interconnection and energy storage system in low-voltage distribution networks to improve the accommodation capacity of photovoltaic[J]. Global Energy Interconnection20236(6): 700 - 713.
[9]
LI C ZHANG H ZHOU H, et al. Double-layer optimized configuration of distributed energy storage and transformer capacity in distribution network[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems2023(147): 108834.
[10]
张博, 唐巍, 蔡永翔, 等. 面向高比例户用光伏消纳的储能系统与通信网络协同规划[J]. 电网技术201842(10): 3161 - 3169.
ZHANG Bo TANG Wei CAI Yongxiang, et al. Collaborative configuration of energy storage systems and communication networks for accommodation of high-penetration residential PVs[J]. Power System Technology201842(10): 3161 - 3169.
[11]
于丹文, 杨明, 翟鹤峰, 等. 鲁棒优化在电力系统调度决策中的应用研究综述[J]. 电力系统自动化201640(7): 134 - 143,148.
YU Danwen YANG Ming ZHAI Hefeng, et al. An overview of robust optimization used for power system dispatch and decision-making[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems201640(7): 134 - 143,148.
[12]
ZHAO B REN J CHEN J, et al. Tri-level robust planning-operation co-optimization of distributed energy storage in distribution networks with high PV penetration[J]. Apply Energy2020(279): 115768.
[13]
任郡枝. 光伏配电网中储能系统规划方法研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2020.
[14]
王梦宇. 整县光伏短期功率预测与储能配置研究[D]. 南昌: 南昌大学, 2023.
[15]
BOROUMANDFAR G KHAJEHZADEH A ESLAMI M, et al. Information gap decision theory with risk aversion strategy for robust planning of hybrid photovoltaic/wind/battery storage system in distribution networks considering uncertainty[J]. Energy2023278(A): 127778.
[16]
都骋. 含储能的分布式电源优化配置与调度研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2023.
[17]
刘志伟, 马悦, 沙志成, 等. 考虑新能源多重相关性的柔性配电网分布鲁棒优化策略[J]. 中国电力202457(12): 97 - 108.
LIU Zhiwei MA Yue SHA Zhicheng, et al. Distributionally robust operation for flexible distribution networks considering multi-correlation of renewable power generation[J]. Electric Power202457(12): 97 - 108.
[18]
马丽, 李伟, 裴玮, 等. 含高比例光伏配电网中计及需求侧响应的混合储能配置优化[J]. 高电压技术202450(4): 1416 - 1425.
MA Li LI Wei PEI Wei, et al. Hybrid energy storage configuration optimization in distribution network with high-proportion PV considering demand response[J]. High Voltage Engineering202450(4): 1416 - 1425.
[19]
贺帅佳, 阮贺彬, 高红均, 等. 分布鲁棒优化方法在电力系统中的理论分析与应用综述[J] .电力系统自动化202044(14): 179 - 191.
HE Shuaijia RUAN Hebin GAO Hongjun, et al. Overview on theory analysis and application of distributionally robust optimization method in power system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems202044(14): 179 - 191.
[20]
RAYATI M BOZORG M CHERKAOUI R, et al. Distributionally robust chance constrained optimization for providing flexibility in an active distribution network[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid202213(4): 2920 - 2934.
[21]
ZHAO W CAO Z WAN C, et al. Two-stage distributionally robust voltage regulation of active distribution network with hybrid energy storage[C]//2020 IEEE 3rd Student Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (SCEMS), December 04 - 06, 2020, Jinan, China. New York: IEEE, 2020: 71 - 76.
[22]
CAO K LIU Y WANG C. A Distributionally robust optimal allocation method of energy storage for resilience enhancement of distribution network[C]//2023 IEEE International Conference on Energy Technologies for Future Grids (ETFG), December 03 - 06, 2023, Wollongong, Australia. New York: IEEE, 2023: 1 - 6.
[23]
贾兆昊, 张峰, 丁磊. 考虑功率四象限输出的配电网储能优化配置策略[J]. 电力系统自动化202044(2): 105 - 113.
JIA Zhaofeng ZHANG Feng DING Lei. Optimal allocation strategy of energy storage in distribution network considering power four-quadrant output[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems202044(2): 105 - 113.
[24]
王育飞, 陈强, 郑云平, 等. 基于动态无功电压灵敏度的有源配电网移动式储能优化调度[J]. 电力自动化设备202343(2): 29 - 35,59.
WANG Yufei CHEN Qiang ZHENG Yunping, et al. Optimal scheduling of mobile energy storage in active distribution network based on dynamic reactive power and voltage sensitivity[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment202343(2): 29 - 35,59.
[25]
戴月. 多独立主体参与的主动配电网分散式最优潮流方法研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2019.
[26]
ZHANG X DING T QU M. An Algorithmic approach for inner max-min model under norm-2 type uncertainty set in data-driven distributionally robust optimization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems202338(2): 1755 - 1758.
[27]
LIU M CANIZARES C A HUANG W. Reactive power and voltage control in distribution systems with limited switching operations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems200924(2): 889 - 899.
[28]
刘澧庆. 微电网频率/电压控制及储能优化配置研究[D]. 广州:华南理工大学, 2019.
[29]
孙旭, 邱晓燕, 张志荣, 等. 基于数据驱动的交直流配电网分布鲁棒优化调度[J]. 电网技术202145(12): 4768 - 4778.
SUN Xu QIU Xiaoyan ZHANG Zhirong, et al. Distributed robust optimal dispatching of AC/DC distribution network[J]. Power System Technology202145(12): 4768 - 4778.
[30]
秦龙庆, 郑景文, 廖小兵, 等. 基于概率场景驱动的柔性配电网分布式无功优化[J]. 高电压技术202551(1): 200 - 209.
QIN Longqing ZHENG Jingwen LIAO Xiaobing, et al. Distributed reactive power optimization of flexible distribution network based on probability scenario-driven[J]. High Voltage Engineering202551(1): 200 - 209.
[31]
翟苏巍, 李银银, 杜凡, 等. 考虑海量分布式能源接入的配电网分布式无功控制策略[J]. 中国电力202457(8): 138 - 144.
ZHAI Suwei LI Yinyin DU Fan, et al. Distributed reactive power control strategy of distribution network considering massive distributed energy access[J]. Electric Power202457(8): 138 - 144.
[32]
张静忠, 蒙飞, 孙阳, 等. 考虑有功不确定性的配电网新能源无功优化控制[J]. 中国电力202457(3): 51 - 59.
ZHANG Jingzhong MENG Fei SUN Yang, et al. Reactive power optimization control for renewable energy in distribution networks considering active power uncertainties[J]. Electric Power202457(3): 51 - 59.

Funding

the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52077083)
PDF(3392 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/