Optimal planning method for electric vehicle charging stations with multi－stakeholder interest equilibrium

Haoda LEI; Ziyu XU; Yutian LIU; Chunyi WANG; Yilu YANG

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004－9649.202602005

Electric Power ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (8) : 205-214. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004－9649.202602005

Original article

Optimal planning method for electric vehicle charging stations with multi－stakeholder interest equilibrium

Haoda LEI ¹ ,
Ziyu XU ¹ ,
Yutian LIU ¹ ,
Chunyi WANG ² ,
Yilu YANG ³

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Abstract

The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles（EVs）and distributed photovoltaic（PV）poses significant challenges to the safe and stable operation of distribution networks.Ordered charging and vehicle－to－grid（V2G）offer effective means to alleviate the operational pressure of distribution networks. Therefore，this paper proposes an optimal planning method for electric vehicle charging stations（EVCSs）that balances the interests of multiple stakeholders.First，considering ordered charging and V2G，the flexible charging/discharging power is determined based on dynamic pricing signals and user response behavior.Second，a multi－stakeholder equilibrium optimization model is established to coordinate the benefits of multiple stakeholders，including distribution system operators， photovoltaic power producers，EV aggregators，and EV users， and is solved by NSGA－III algorithm to obtain the optimal planned charging and discharging power.Finally，to accommodate various charging and discharging requirements across different EV types，an EV charging network composed of centralized charging station（CCS）and distributed charging station（DCS）is constructed，and optimal power allocation between CCS and DCS is achieved.Distribution network security verification as well as distribution facility upgrading are carried out to meet the operational safety requirements. Simulation results of a power grid in a city of Shandong Province validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. This work is supported by Joint Funds of National Natural

Key words

dynamic electricity pricing / electric vehicle charging station / multi－stakeholder / NSGA－III / ordered charging / vehicle－to－grid

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Haoda LEI , Ziyu XU , Yutian LIU , et al . Optimal planning method for electric vehicle charging stations with multi－stakeholder interest equilibrium[J]. Electric Power. 2026, 59(8): 205-214 https://doi.org/10.11930/j.issn.1004－9649.202602005

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