Abbreviation (ISO4): Chinese Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders
Editor in chief: Jun WANG
Chinese Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders >
Advances in the study of the association between ketogenic diet and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease
Received date: 2024-01-06
Revised date: 2024-02-20
Online published: 2024-04-26
This paper reviews the progress of research on the association between ketogenic diet and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is primarily characterised by impairment of cognitive function. The ketogenic diet, a diet with a high-fat, low-carbohydrate pattern, has been shown to be protective against some neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the effects of the ketogenic diet on cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease. Studies have shown that the ketogenic diet improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease patients, including memory, learning and attention. The ketogenic diet improves cognitive function by regulating energy metabolism and reducing inflammatory responses in the brain. The ketogenic diet also increases the production of neuroprotective factors in the brain, which promotes the survival and functional recovery of nerve cells. However, there are some controversies and limitations in the current research on the association between ketogenic diet and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease. The inconsistent results of some studies may be related to factors such as sample size, study design, and duration of dietary intervention. In addition, ketogenic diets may lead to some adverse effects in long-term application, such as elevated cholesterol and increased renal burden. In conclusion, ketogenic diet may have some improvement effects on cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease, but further studies are needed to clarify its effectiveness and safety. Future studies should focus on optimising the study design, increasing the sample size and study duration, as well as exploring the long-term effects of the ketogenic diet on cognitive function. In addition, attention should be paid to the applicable population and the optimal timing of intervention for the ketogenic diet in order to achieve the goal of personalised treatment.
Lu YU , Wei LI , Ling YUE , Xia LI . Advances in the study of the association between ketogenic diet and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease[J]. Chinese Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, 2024 , 7(2) : 147 -150 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-5516.2024.02.011
表1 综述中关于生酮饮食部分对照研究结果Tab 1 Results of some controlled studies on ketogenic diets in the review |
研究组干预 | 对照组干预 | 结果 | 参考文献 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
不良反应 | 生酮饮食1748KJ/100g食物,37.18%的脂肪,6.1%的蛋白质,27.5%的膳食纤维和3.1%的净碳水化合物+多种维生素制剂,喂养12 w后,用过量的异氟烷对小鼠实施安乐死。收集他们的双侧股骨和胫骨进行分析 | 标准饮食1338KJ/100g食物,6%脂肪14.5%蛋白质,4.5%膳食纤维,55.5%碳水化合物+多种维生素制剂,喂养12 w后,用过量的异氟烷对小鼠实施安乐死。收集他们的双侧股骨和胫骨进行分析 | 生酮饮食同时损害了长骨的松质骨和皮质骨结构 | [24] | ||
有益影响 | ||||||
神经生物学 | 酮脂饮食喂养,21.5%的酮脂,8.2%的脂肪,23.9%的蛋白质,和43.5%的净碳水化合物+多种维生素制剂,进行行为测试及脑切片的免疫组织化学分析 | 高碳水化合物饮食喂养,8.2%的脂肪,23.9%的蛋白质,和64.9%的净碳水化合物+多种维生素制剂,进行行为测试及脑切片的免疫组织化学分析 | 长期饲喂酮酯不仅改善了行为认知功能,还减少了Aβ和pTau的病理变化。通过生酮饮食或喂食酮酯,血酮体的增加有望缓解AD发病前脑葡萄糖代谢受损 | [32] | ||
肠道微生物 | 11 名轻度认知障碍者服用地中海式 生酮饮食为 <10%碳水化合物、60%~65%脂肪和30%~35%蛋白质,测定脑脊液Aβ-42、Aβ-40、tau和磷酸化tau(tau-p181)的浓度,进行粪便微生物、乳酸和短链脂肪酸分析。 | 6名认知正常者服用美国心脏协会饮食55%~65%碳水化合物、15%~20%脂肪和 20%~30%蛋白质。测定脑脊液Aβ-42、Aβ-40、tau和磷酸化tau(tau-p181)的浓度,进行粪便微生物、乳酸和短链脂肪酸分析 | MCI参与者乳酸水平降低,记忆力和认知能力的改善。改良地中海生酮饮食对肠道微生物组组成、短链脂肪酸 (SCFA)水平和AD生物标志物会造成一定的影响 | [36] | ||
神经代谢 | 生酮饮食大鼠n = 29测量β-羟基丁酸酯(BHB)和葡萄糖的血浆水平,大鼠海马体中的基因表达模式,海马体在电子显微照片中的线粒体谱数量、选定的能量代谢物和酶活性水平以及低葡萄糖对突触传递的影响 | 正常饮食组大鼠n = 28,测量β-羟基丁酸酯(BHB)和葡萄糖的血浆水平,大鼠海马体中的基因表达模式,海马体在电子显微照片中的线粒体谱数量、选定的能量代谢物和酶活性水平以及低葡萄糖对突触传递的影响 | 生酮饮食后后大鼠海马的能量代谢蛋白和线粒体蛋白的大量转录,齿状回中线粒体谱的密度增加了46%,对低葡萄糖的抵抗力的提高,海马体的能量产生能力增强 | [39] |
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