Operation of Prenatal Ultrasound Screening Institutions in Beijing from 2010 to 2015

LI Ying,XU Hongyan,SONG Yuting,LIU Kaibo,FENG Xinglin

Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae ›› 2019, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2) : 188-193.

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Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae

Abbreviation (ISO4): Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae      Editor in chief: Xuetao CAO

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Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae ›› 2019, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2) : 188-193. DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.10752
Original Articles

Operation of Prenatal Ultrasound Screening Institutions in Beijing from 2010 to 2015

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Abstract

Objective To learn the capability and functioning status of prenatal ultrasound screening institutions in Beijing and inform decision-making on the optimization of prenatal screening management.Method By using the data from the second and the third National Special Survey on Prenatal Screening and Prenatal Diagnostic Services in Beijing,we analyzed the distribution,human resources,workload,technology,and equipment of ultrasound screening institutions in Beijing as well as their changing trends.Results From 2013 to 2015,there were 100 prenatal ultrasound screening institutions,833 technicians,and 383 prenatal ultrasound screening instruments in Beijing,offering over 600 000 service sessions.In contrast,there were 93 institutions with a total service volume of 644 100 between 2010 and 2012.The general hospitals,tertiary hospitals,and urban areas(especially urban functional development areas and new urban development areas)were the main sources of the services.In particular,the maternal and child health care hospitals in Beijing provided the highest amount of services per unit of resources.The average prenatal ultrasound screening rate was about 98.05%.The service delivery trended to transfer from urban areas to remote county areas and from secondary institutions to tertiary institutions.Conclusion The operation and management of prenatal ultrasound screening institutions in Beijing are relatively standard.The ultrasound screening rate is relatively high in the second trimester,and the distribution of the services has constantly been improved since 2010.

Key words

prenatal ultrasound screening / institution / operation

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LI Ying , XU Hongyan , SONG Yuting , et al . Operation of Prenatal Ultrasound Screening Institutions in Beijing from 2010 to 2015[J]. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae. 2019, 41(2): 188-193 https://doi.org/10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.10752

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目的 探讨产前超声筛查技术规范化培训考核及管理在提高出生缺陷检出率中的效果。方法 根据对北京市超声产前筛查/诊断技术进行规范化管理程度,将2004年度至2009年度分为3个不同的管理阶段(年度指前一年10月1日至统计年度9月30日)。应用检出率描述不同管理阶段5199例出生缺陷监测个案的产前超声筛查情况。采用正确率描述2009年超声人员的超声图片认读情况。应用SPSS11.5软件分析2007年10月至2009年9月参加培训考核的707人的基本情况,通过X2检验比较超声考核通过组和未通过组在相关变量中分布的差异,探讨产前超声筛查人员操作水平的相关影响因素。结果 随着培训考核方式的不断改进,不同阶段的出生缺陷个案超声产前畸形检出率逐渐提高,2004年度至2005年度为32.43%,2005年度至2007年度为44.81%,2007年度至2009年度为60.71%。2009年187人对各类出生缺陷超声图片认读的正确率由高至低分别为腹裂、总唇裂、脐膨出、神经管缺陷、严重的先天性心脏病、肢体短缩,与同年各类型产前超声筛查的出生缺陷检出率相一致。产前超声筛查人员技术水平的影响因素中,考核通过组与未通过组比较,大学及以上文化程度者的比例高(52.8%和47.2%),每月超声筛查量≥50例者比例高(50.5%和49.5%),从事产科超声工作〉3年者多(52.5%和47.5%),在产前诊断机构进修者比例高(64.7%和35.3%)。结论 产前超声筛查技术规范化培训与管理有效地提高了出生缺陷产前超声检出率。产前超声筛查技术水平与操作人员学历水平及是否相对固定从事产前超声检查工作有关。
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目的探讨产前超声筛查胎儿心脏畸形价值和意义。方法回顾性分析2014年1月-2015年1月对11 832例(18w-40w)中晚期孕妇的彩色多普勒超声检查资料,比较超声检查结果与引产后尸检、跟踪随访产后结果。结果 11832例孕妇中,经引产后尸检和出生后确诊证实产前超声筛查符合77例,检出率6.4%,同时合并其它畸形18例,漏诊2例,误诊3例。结论产前超声对妊娠中晚期胎儿先天性心脏畸形诊断率较高,对先心病的诊断具有重要价值,是实现我国优生优育的首选方法。
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目的探讨超声检查在产前筛查中的应用价值,为降低出生缺陷及产前干预措施提供依据。方法对我 科行产前检查的11576例孕妇的超声检查结果进行回顾性分析;并进行畸形种类和比率分析。结果超声检查在孕早期可判定胚胎发育停止、葡萄胎、宫外孕;孕 中晚期可判定胎儿畸形、前置胎盘、胎盘早剥、死胎;畸胎中以神经管畸形最多,超声检查对畸形胎儿的诊断符合率91%。结论产前超声检查十分必要和有效,是 出生缺陷筛查的重要检查手段,具有方法简便,诊断迅速,对母体及胎儿无明显损害的优点,对妇女保健有较大的实用价值,值得推广。
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It has been possible to detect cleft lip (CL), with or without cleft palate (CLP), using ultrasound (US) since the beginning of the 1980s. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip with or without cleft palate, and isolated cleft palate (ICP), in our catchment area. Screening protocols in the different US clinics in southern Sweden were also compared, as regards evaluation of the fetal face and prenatal diagnosis of CLP. Forty-four (31%) of the patients were diagnosed by prenatal US and 97/144 (67%) were diagnosed at birth. The detection rate was 44/102 (43%) if the ICP are excluded. The specificity was 100%. Among the prenatally diagnosed clefts, 25/44 (57%) were diagnosed before the gestational age of 20 weeks. In 19/44 (43%) of the cases the US diagnosis of cleft was accurate in the light of the postnatal outcome. All US departments in our catchment area follow the Swedish guidelines and offer one routine US examination during the second trimester between 18 and 20 weeks of pregnancy. In addition, many of the clinics offer an additional US examination during the third trimester. Our detection rate is similar to previous findings. The detection rates and the accuracy of the prenatal diagnosis can be improved. To achieve this, an increased focus on detecting clefts, standardising scanning plans, and rescans in case of incomplete facial views, are essential.
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Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, the prenatal detection rate by ultrasound, and the pregnancy outcome of spina bifida (SB) in Denmark (DK) in 2008???2015 and to compare results to national data from Sweden. Methods. Data were retrieved from the Danish Fetal Medicine Database, which includes International Classification of Diseases- (ICD-) 10 codes for pre- or postnatally diagnoses and pregnancy outcome. Missing data were obtained from the National Patient Register. Livebirth data with myelomeningocele (MMC) in Sweden were obtained from different databases. Results. There were 234 cases with SB in DK in 2008???2015. The incidence of SB was 4.9???:???10,000; 89% were detected with ultrasound prior to week 22; 90% of these pregnancies were terminated (ToP); 91% were isolated malformations of which 11% showed abnormal karyotype. The incidence of newborns with MMC was 1.3???:???10,000 in Sweden. Conclusions. Ultrasound screening has a major impact on the epidemiology of SB. The prenatal detection rate of SB was high, and most SB cases were isolated and had a normal karyotype. Among women with a prenatal fetal diagnosis of SB, 90% chose to have ToP. The incidence of newborns with SB was higher in Sweden than in DK.
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出生缺陷已成为世界婴儿死亡、儿童和成人残疾的主要原因之一,是目前全世界关注的一个重大公共卫生问题。出生缺陷由遗传因素、环境致畸因素或两者共同作用所致。我国是出生缺陷高发国家,通过早期诊断、早期干预可以避免至少70%出生缺陷。出生缺陷干预是一个系统工程,产前筛查和产前诊断是胎儿出生缺陷干预的有效手段,是出生缺陷干预二级预防中的重要组成部分。
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目的:了解近年北京市西城区医 院出生缺陷产前筛查及产前诊断情况,为加强二级预防,提高人口素质提供有效措施。方法:对2007年10月~2008年9月北京市西城区产科医院上报的" 出生缺陷登记卡-产前筛查与产前诊断情况"进行统计,并对统计结果进行分析。结果:①2007年10月~2008年9月西城区围产期出生缺陷儿475 例,163例由产前筛查发现异常,137例进行了产前诊断,98例于妊娠28周前引产。②21-三体共12例,其中8例通过产前筛查发现,1例唐氏假阴性 漏诊,1例超声筛查发现异常,2例未进行产前筛查。③475例出生缺陷儿中,未能通过产前筛查发现的共279例,其中前5位依次为:先天性心脏畸形、外耳 畸形、隐睾、多指(趾)、马蹄内翻足。结论:①西城区21-三体的产前检出率高,与其具有较高的筛查诊断水平有关。②高度重视超声软指标。超声筛查对于弥 补血生化筛查有重要意义,提高技术、规范操作非常必要。
[11]
任芸芸, 李笑天, 严英榴 , 等. 产前超声筛查胎儿畸形的临床效果评估[J]. 中华围产医学杂志, 2007,10(6):408-412.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-9408.2007.06.012.
产前诊断包括超声检查,孕妇血清学检查估计胎儿染色体异常风险度、染色体核型检查、DNA分析、实验室特殊抗体、激素的测定等。在这些检查方法中,超声检查由于直观、方便,对孕妇无损伤,是产前诊断的主要检查手段。近年来,我国开始重视产前超声筛查,产前诊断法中特别强调超声筛查胎儿大畸形。但同世界上发达国家相比,我国产前筛查起步较晚,大畸形筛查缺乏统一标准,临床效果尚无定论。
[12]
刘凯波, 徐宏燕, 张雯 , 等. 北京市产前超声筛查对出生缺陷预防的效果评估[J]. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 2013,21(4):115-116,156.DOI: 10.13404/j.cnki.cjbhh.2013.04.012.
目的通过对北京市出生缺陷相关数据分析,评估产前超声筛查与诊断在出生缺陷预防中的重要作用。方法采用描述性统计学方法分析北京市产前超声筛查与诊断总体情况、不同时期、不同缺陷的产前诊断情况及围产期出生缺陷发生情况。结果 2008年后北京市产前超声筛查率始终保持在较高水平;严重出生缺陷产前诊断率有明显提高;严重的出生缺陷围产期发生率呈现下降趋势。结论北京市超声筛查与诊断工作质量不断提高,该项工作的规范开展对出生缺陷的预防具有重要意义,今后还应在管理方法及措施上进一步完善。
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正本刊讯(记者张丽敏)中国卫生部长陈竺5日在全国两会上透露,三年来,全国财政对医改新增投入已超11000多亿元人民币,未来,中国还将不断加大这方面投入。陈竺当天还谈到民营资本进入医疗领域问题。陈竺说,政府的多个部委2010年联合制定了专门文件,鼓励社会资本办医。重点在于鼓励有实力的企业、慈善机构、基金会、商业保险机构等社会力量以及境外投资者办
[14]
曾小萍, 苏琴, 安丽英 , 等. 基层医院超声科医师临床误诊漏诊原因分析与对策[J]. 中医药管理杂志, 2015,23(13):103-104.DOI: 10.16690/j.cnki.1007-9203.2015.13.053.
目的:探讨基层医院超声科医师临床误诊漏诊原因及解决对策。方法:对强基层医院超声科医师临床误诊、漏诊的原因进行分析、总结。结果:仪器落后、人才流失严重、医师操作技能不熟练、理论水平及操作经验缺乏、考虑问题单一等因素是造成基层医院超声科医师临床误诊漏诊的主要原因。结论:加强仪器装备、积极留住人才、提高医师操作技能、加强理论水平及操作经验、多思维考虑问题是减少基层医院超声科医师临床误诊、漏诊的主要措施。
[15]
张红彬, 栗河舟, 李洁 . 2011~2013年河南省产前超声筛查及诊断专业人员培训情况分析[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2015,30(1):113-114.DOI: 10.7620/zgfybj.j.issn.1001-4411.2015.01.41.
目的:了解河南省产前超声筛查及诊断现状,找出影响因素,有针对性的加大培训力度。方法:对2011-2013年参加郑州大学第三附属医院联合中华胎儿基金会共同举办的产前超声培训班的374名学员的笔试和上机操作成绩进行回顾性分析。结果:3年来学员考试成绩中,笔试成绩差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05);上机操作考试成绩通过率呈逐年递减趋势;上机操作考试中,不同部位筛查的考核内容难易程度上差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论:有针对性的加强产前超声的规范化培训,进一步提高河南省产前超声筛查的水平。
[16]
黄蒂娜, 刘洁, 郭正琴 . 宁德地区孕中期产前筛查诊断及随访现状分析[J]. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 2016,24(6):72-73.DOI: 10.13404/j.cnki.cjbhh.2016.06.035.
目的通过对我市产前诊断机构4年来的数据分析,了解宁德地区孕中期唐氏征筛查、诊断现状,为改进和完善产前筛查诊断管理工作提供依据。方法根据2011年1月1日-2014年12月31日孕中期产前筛查诊断的病例收集、妊娠结局的随访进行统计分析,结果全市4年来中孕期产前血清学筛查总量76 425例、分娩数211 792例、唐氏征筛查覆盖率为36.08%,筛查高风险2710例,其中:21-三体高风险2369例、18-三体高风险96例、NTD高风险245例;21-三体高风险811例及18-三体高风险30例、共841例行羊水诊断,诊断率34.12%。结论宁德地区的产前筛查诊断率较低、需进一步宣传普及。

Funding

National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(71303010)
National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(71761130083)
National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(71422009)
Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Z141100006014025)

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