Relationship Between Cognitive Impairment and Death in Menopausal Women With Hypertension

Lingjuan ZHU; Tao WANG; Chao YU; Wei ZHOU; Huihui BAO; Xiaoshu CHENG

doi:10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16502

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Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4) : 527-534. DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16502

Original Articles

Relationship Between Cognitive Impairment and Death in Menopausal Women With Hypertension

Lingjuan ZHU ¹^,² ,
Tao WANG ¹^,² ,
Chao YU ¹^,² ,
Wei ZHOU ¹^,² ,
Huihui BAO ¹^,²^,³ ,
Xiaoshu CHENG ¹^,²^,³

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Abstract

Objective To explore the relationships of cognitive impairment with cardiovascular death and all-cause death in menopausal women with hypertension.Methods A total of 4 595 natural-menopausal women with hypertension screened in Wuyuan County of Jiangxi Province from July to August 2018 were selected as the research subjects,and a follow-up investigation of death information was completed from June to August 2022.According to the baseline mini-mental state examination(MMSE)score,all subjects were allocated into a normal cognitive function group and a cognitive impairment group.The basic characteristics and the cumulative risk of death evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier curve were compared between two groups.The multivariate Cox regression model was adopted to analyze the effect of cognitive function on death,and the relationship between MMSE score and death was fitted by the restricted cubic spline.Results A total of 4 595 subjects with the mean age of(65.1±8.4)years were included in this study,in which and 1 859(40.5%)patients with cognitive impairment were detected.During a mean follow-up period of(3.9±0.4)years,199 all-cause deaths were collected,including 102 cardiovascular deaths.The normal cognitive function group and the cognitive impairment group had the cumulative all-cause death rates of 2.6%and 6.9%and the cumulative cardiovascular death rates of 1.0%and 4.0%,respectively.The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the cumulative risks of all-cause death(χ²=47.287,P<0.001)and cardiovascular death(χ²=45.169,P<0.001)in the cognitive impairment group were higher than those in the normal cognitive function group.The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that compared with the normal cognitive function group,the cognitive impairment group had increased risks of all-cause death(HR=1.75,95%CI=1.28-2.39,P<0.001)and cardiovascular death(HR=2.56,95%CI=1.61-4.09,P<0.001).The results of the restricted cubic spline curve fitting showed that the MMSE score had linearly negative correlations with the risk of all-cause death(P_all<0.001, $P n o n - l i n e a r i t y$ =0.519)and cardiovascular death(P_all<0.001, $P n o n - l i n e a r i t y$ =0.195).Conclusion Cognitive impairment is an independent risk factor for all-cause death and cardiovascular death in menopausal women with hypertension,and early identification of cognitive impairment in this population is essential for timely intervention.

Key words

cognitive function / all-cause death / cardiovascular death / menopause

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Lingjuan ZHU , Tao WANG , Chao YU , et al . Relationship Between Cognitive Impairment and Death in Menopausal Women With Hypertension[J]. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae. 2025, 47(4): 527-534 https://doi.org/10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16502

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