Sulfate Radicals: A New Tool for Enhancing Sludge Dewatering

Yue Lai; Chao Wang; Jie Zhang; Shungui Zhou; Changgeng Liu; Jie Ye

doi:10.7536/PC230707

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Prog Chem ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5) : 798-814. DOI: 10.7536/PC230707

Review

Sulfate Radicals: A New Tool for Enhancing Sludge Dewatering

Yue Lai ¹ ,
Chao Wang ¹ ,
Jie Zhang ¹ ,
Shungui Zhou ¹ ,
Changgeng Liu ²^,^* ,
Jie Ye ¹^,^*

Author information +

History +

Abstract

sludge is an inevitable by-product of the wastewater treatment process and due to its high water content,large volume,and inclusion of a large amount of toxic and hazardous substances,needs to be minimized and harmlessly treated.However,sludge possesses extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)formed by ionization of negatively charged functional groups,which maintain a stable hydrated colloidal structure and prevent the release of water.this is a key factor in the difficulty of sludge dewatering.in the last decade,sulfate radical-Based advanced oxidation processes(SR-AOPs)have received considerable attention due to their high efficiency for EPS disintegration,rapid reaction time and environmental friendliness,and thus sulfate radicals have become a new powerful tool for enhancing sludge dewaterability.in This paper,the development timeline and activation mechanisms of sulfate radicals are reviewed in detail,and the research advances of SR-AOPs for improving sludge dewaterability and removing micropollutants and heavy metals from sludge are systematically evaluated.based on the current scientific problems of SR-AOPs in sludge conditioning,the future research directions of SR-AOPs are proposed from the perspectives of mechanism research,cost-effectiveness,and experimental scale,in order to provide a solid theoretical reference for sludge conditioning in wastewater treatment plants in China。

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Timeline of sulfate radicals

3 Mechanism of sulfate radicals activation

3.1 Transition metal activation

3.2 Photo activation

3.3 Heat activation

3.4 Alkali activation

3.5 Metal-free catalyst activation

4 Sludge dewaterability improved by SR-AOPs

4.1 Iron activated methods

4.2 Heat activated methods

4.3 Electrochemically activated methods

4.4 Alkali activated methods

4.5 Other activation methods

5 Removal of micropollutants

6 Removal of heavy metals

7 Sludge dewatering mechanism

8 Conclusion and outlook

Key words

sulfate radicals / advanced oxidation process / sludge dewatering / conditioning mechanism / extracellular polymeric substances

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Yue Lai , Chao Wang , Jie Zhang , et al . Sulfate Radicals: A New Tool for Enhancing Sludge Dewatering[J]. Progress in Chemistry. 2024, 36(5): 798-814 https://doi.org/10.7536/PC230707

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Funding

Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Green Technology in Ecological Industry of Fujian Province(WYKF-EIGT2021-3)

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