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Progress in Chemistry

Abbreviation (ISO4): Prog Chem      Editor in chief: Jincai ZHAO

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  • Review
    Sike Yu, Yan Bao, Lu Gao, Wenbo Zhang
    Prog Chem. 2024, 36(9): 1349-1362. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240126
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    the rapid development of infrared detection equipment has caused a huge threat to military equipment.and infrared stealth technology is an important way to improve the survival,strike and breakthrough capabilities of military equipment,and plays a vital role In the development of the national defense industry.However,the battlefield environment is complex and changeable,and materials with only infrared stealth performance are difficult to meet the actual needs when facing radar detection,rainforest,mountain,ocean,desert and other environments.Therefore,it is imperative to develop multifunctional infrared stealth materials.in this paper,the latest research progress of different infrared stealth materials is reviewed from the perspective of the mechanism of infrared stealth materials,such as low emissivity materials,temperature control materials,variable emissivity materials and cooperative working mode materials,and the control methods of different infrared stealth materials are discussed.Secondly,the multi-functional infrared stealth materials suitable for different application scenarios,such as multi-band stealth,electromagnetic shielding,antibacterial and waterproof,high temperature resistance,anti-corrosion and flame retardant infrared stealth materials,and their design mechanisms are discussed.Finally,the future development of multifunctional infrared stealth materials is summarized and prospected。

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Infrared stealth mechanisms

    3 Selection and performance control of infrared stealth materials

    3.1 Low emissivity materials

    3.2 Temperature-controlled materials

    3.3 Variable emissivity materials

    3.4 Collaborative work mode materials

    4 Design and application of multifunctional infrared stealth materials

    4.1 Multi-band stealth

    4.2 Electromagnetic shielding

    4.3 Antibacterial and waterproof properties

    4.4 High temperature resistance

    4.5 Flame retardant properties

    4.6 Anti-corrosion properties

    5 Conclusion and outlook

  • Review
    Chuanzi Gao, Haolin Liao, Yibo Wang, Yi Zheng, Chunmiao Zheng, Wenhui Qiu
    Prog Chem. 2024, 36(9): 1363-1379. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240127
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    Pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)are a large category of emerging pollutants that have been highly concern in recent years.the huge production and rapid consumption demand of PPCPs make them widely enter and highly exist in various environmental mediums.Due to migration,transformation and bioaccumulation,PPCPs enter the ecological environment,causing different degrees of negative impact on organisms and human bodies,thus bringing serious threats to the ecological environment and human health.in this review,we summarize the exposure sources,pathways and characteristics of current PPCPs in the environment,conclude the degradation method and pathway of PPCPs in the environment,review the main biotoxicity of PPCPs,overview the exposure concentrations and the health influences on the human body,and finally have some outlooks on the research field of ecotoxicity of PPCPs。

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Environmental exposure of PPCPs

    2.1 Environment sources and migration and transform pathway of PPCPs

    2.2 Environment concentration and distribution of PPCPs

    3 Degradation method and mechanism of PPCPs

    4 Biotoxicity of PPCPs

    4.1 Acute toxicity

    4.2 Neurotoxicity

    4.3 Reproductive and developmental toxicity

    4.4 Endocrine disruption

    4.5 Immunotoxicity

    4.6 Cardiovascular toxicity

    4.7 Other toxicities

    5 Human health risk of PPCPs

    5.1 Human exposure to PPCPs

    5.2 Human health risk/assessment

    6 Conclusion and outlook

  • Review
    Huiyuan Liang, Jianzhong Ma, Jian Yang, Wen Li, Wenbo Zhang
    Prog Chem. 2024, 36(9): 1380-1391. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240125
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    with the continuous development of flexible electronic devices in recent years,flexible wearable sensors show great potential for development in the fields of human health monitoring,electronic skin,and intelligent machines.biomass materials,as a kind of renewable resource derived from living organisms with excellent characteristics such as inexpensive,green and,eco-friendly,skin-friendly and breathable,and good biocompatibility,have been heavily studied as the matrix of wearable,flexible sensors.biomass-based sensors can be ideal for use in the field of human health monitoring because they combine the excellent properties of biomass materials with sensing elements.This paper first reviews the structure,composition and working principle of common flexible sensors(strain,pressure,temperature,biological).and then,the characteristics of different biomass-based sensors and their applications are described in detail.the biomass materials involved mainly include collagen,gelatine,cellulose,chitosan,sodium alginate,and silk protein.in addition,the applications of biomass-based sensors in human health monitoring(including physical signals,chemical signals,bioelectrical signals and thermal signals monitoring)are summarised.Finally,the challenges and future directions of biomass-based sensors and their applications in the field of human health monitoring are pointed out in light of the current status of the applications they are currently facing。

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Classification and principles of flexible sensors

    2.1 Flexible strain sensors

    2.2 Flexible pressure sensors

    2.3 Flexible temperature sensors

    2.4 Flexible biosensors

    3 Biomass-based flexible sensor

    3.1 Collagen-based sensor

    3.2 Gelatin-based sensor

    3.3 Sodium alginate-based sensor

    3.4 Cellulose-based sensor

    3.5 Chitosan-based sensor

    3.6 Silk protein-based sensor

    4 Application of biomass-based sensors in human health monitoring

    4.1 Physical signal monitoring

    4.2 Chemical signal monitoring

    4.3 Bioelectrical signal monitoring

    4.4 Thermal signal monitoring

    5 Conclusion and outlook

  • Review
    Yawei Wang, Qiurui Zhang, Nanyang Yu, Yuan Wang, Si Wei, Mingliang Fang, Sinuo Tian, Yali Shi, Jianbo Shi, Guangbo Qü, Ying Zhu, Yumin Zhu, Chuhong Zhu, Min Qiao, Jianghuan Hua, Mei Liu, Guorui Liu, Jianguo Liu, Yanna Liu, Nannan Liu, Longfei Jiang, Shuqin Tang, Bixian Mai, Cheng Li, Pan Yang, Lihua Yang, Rongyan Yang, Lili Yang, Xiaoxi Yang, Ruiqiang Yang, Xinghua Qiu, Guangguo Ying, Yan Wang, Gan Zhang, Quan Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Ying Zhang, Qianqian Zhang, Rongjing Lu, Da Chen, Xin Chen, Hexia Chen, Jingwen Chen, Jiazhe Chen, Bingcheng Lin, Xiaojun Luo, Chunling Luo, Rong Ji, Biao Jin, Bingsheng Zhou, Minghui Zheng, Shizhen Zhao, Meirong Zhao, Fanrong Zhao, Lu Jiang, Lingyan Zhu, Linlin Yao, Jingzhi Yao, Yong He, Xunjie Mo, Chuanzi Gao, Yongyong Guo, Nan Sheng, Yunhan Cui, Chengqian Liang, Jian Han, Zhen Cheng, Yanhong Zeng, Wenhui Qiu, Yaqi Cai, Hongli Tan, Bingcai Pan, Jiayin Dai, Dongbin Wei, Chunyang Liao, Jincai Zhao, Guibin Jiang
    Prog Chem. 2024, 36(11): 1607-1784. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC241114

    With the rapid development of current society and economy, as well as the accelerated process of industrialization and urbanization, the complexity and seriousness of environmental pollution issues are becoming increasingly apparent. Beyond traditional pollutants, the appearance of emerging pollutants on a global scale has brought new challenges to environment and public health. China’s “14th Five-Year Plan” and medium and long-term planning put forward “emerging pollutant control”, report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also explicitly requested “carry out emerging pollutant control”. In 2022, General Office of the State Council issued “Action Plan for Emerging Pollutant Control”, followed by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and various provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions, which released corresponding implementation plans, China has transferred to a new phase of environmental protection that balances the control of both traditional and emerging pollutants. However, management of emerging pollutants is a long-term, dynamic and complex systematic project, which urgently needs to strengthen top-level design as well as scientific and technological support. Conducting systematic research on emerging pollutants not only provides effective scientific guidance for their control and improves the level of environmental quality management, but also assists our country in fulfilling international conventions, enhances the discourse power in global environmental governance, ensures our country environmental security, food security, international trade security, etc., and is of great significance for realizing sustainable development. This review aims to comprehensively explore various aspects of emerging pollutants, including their types and characteristics, production, use and emission, identification and detection, environmental occurrence, migration and transformation, ecotoxicological effects, human exposure, health risks, and management strategies. Furthermore, it looks forward to the future research direction, with a view to providing a scientific basis and decision-making support for control of emerging pollutants in China.

    Contents

    1 Concepts, types and characteristics of emerging pollutants

    1.1 Definition and basic characteristics of emerging pollutants

    1.2 Typical emerging pollutants

    1.3 Scientific problems faced in the study of emerging pollutants

    2 Production, use and emission of emerging pollutants

    2.1 Production, use and emission of POPs

    2.2 Production, use and release of antibiotics

    2.3 Production, use and release of endocrine disruptors

    3 Identification and characterization of emerging pollutants

    3.1 Non-targeted analytical techniques for identification and characterization of emerging pollutants

    3.2 Data analysis techniques for identification and characterization of emerging pollutants

    3.3 Application of technologies for identification and characterization of emerging pollutants

    3.4 Outlook

    4 Environmental level and distribution characteristics

    4.1 Regional distribution characteristics of emerging pollutants

    4.2 Characteristics of emerging pollutants in environmental media

    4.3 Bioconcentration and accumulation of emerging pollutants

    5 Environmental transport and transformation of emerging pollutants, source and sink mechanisms

    5.1 Multi-media process of emerging pollutants in the water environment and return tendency

    5.2 Transport and transformation of emerging pollutants in soil-plant system

    5.3 Atmospheric processes of emerging pollutants

    5.4 Numerical modeling of regional environmental fate of emerging pollutants

    6 Ecotoxicological effects of emerging pollutants

    6.1 Ecotoxicology of perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl compounds

    6.2 Ecotoxicology of organophosphates

    6.3 Integrated exposure assessment of novel nicotinic pesticides in honey crops

    6.4 Ecotoxicology of PPCP-like contaminants

    7 Human exposure and health risks of emerging pollutants

    7.1 Human health risk-oriented screening of environmental contaminants

    7.2 ADME processes and conformational relationships of emerging pollutants in humans

    7.3 Environmental health risks of emerging pollutants

    8 Management of emerging pollutants

    8.1 Difficulties in the management of emerging pollutants

    8.2 New pollutant management technologies

    8.3 China's emerging pollutants environmental management policy

    8.4 International experience in environmental management of emerging pollutants

    8.5 Problems and suggestions of China's environmental management of emerging pollutants

    9 Key scientific issues and prospects

    9.1 Lack of emerging pollutants' bottom line

    9.2 Environmental and ecotoxicological toxicological effects of low-dose prolonged exposure

    9.3 Compound effects of emerging pollutants and histologic study of human exposure

    9.4 Strategies for control and green development of high-risk chemicals

    9.5 Construction of machine learning-based database for environmental samples and human exposure

    9.6 Capacity building of scientific and technological support for emerging pollutants control actions in China

    9.7 Coordinated development of ecological and environmental monitoring capability, fine support of emerging pollutant management, and construction of targeted new pollutant risk prevention and pollution prevention system

  • Review
    Haozhe Zhang, Wenlong Xu, Fansheng Meng, Qiang Zhao, Yingyun Qiao, Yuanyu Tian
    Prog Chem. 2025, 37(2): 226-234. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240512

    Plastic products represented by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have become an important part of modern life and global economy. In order to solve the resource waste and environmental problems caused by PET waste and to realize high-value recycling of materials, there is an urgent need to explore low-cost green and efficient conversion and recycling methods. Chemical depolymerization can deal with low-value, mixed, and contaminated plastics, recover polymer monomers through different chemical reactions or chemically upgrade and recycle to produce new high value-added products, realizing the closed-loop recycling of plastic waste and high value-added applications, which is a key way to establish a circular polymer economy. This paper reviews the latest research progress of chemical depolymerization process of PET waste, analyzes the problems of chemical depolymerization technology of PET waste, and looks forward to the future development trend of chemical depolymerization process of PET waste.

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Chemical recovery methods

    2.1 Hydrolysis

    2.2 Alcoholysis

    2.3 Ammonolysis and aminolysis

    2.4 Supercritical depolymerization

    3 Conclusion and outlook

  • Review
    Yubin Li, Guoliang Dai, Jie Fan, Hong Xiao
    Prog Chem. 2024, 36(9): 1336-1348. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240120

    MXene is a two-dimensional transition metal carbon/nitrogen compound or carbon-nitrogen compound obtained from MAX phase materials by chemical etching followed by ultrasonic or intercalation treatment.It has the properties of two-dimensional atomic layer structure,abundant components,metallic conductivity,large specific surface area and active surface,etc.It has distinct infrared absorption in the near-infrared and mid\far-infrared bands,and has attracted extensive attention from researchers in recent years in a number of infrared applications,such as infrared camouflage,photothermal conversion,and photovoltaic effect.in this paper,the properties of MXene materials in the infrared band are reviewed in detail,including the high absorbance and localized surface plasmon resonance effect in the near-infrared band and the infrared low-emission properties in the mid/far-infrared band.Further based on its infrared properties,the research progress of its applications in popular fields such as infrared camouflage,broadband absorber,passive radiant heating,photothermal conversion and photovoltaic effect is summarized.Finally,the main problems of the current research on MXene materials in the infrared field and the future development direction are prospected。

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Infrared properties of MXene

    2.1 Near-infrared optical properties

    2.2 Middle/far infrared optical properties

    3 Research on infrared application of MXene

    3.1 Broadband absorber

    3.2 Infrared camouflage

    3.3 Photothermal conversion

    3.4 Passive radiation heating

    3.5 Infrared photoelectric detection

    4 Conclusion and outlook

  • Review
    Zuyi Huang, Xueqiang Tan, Jimin Zheng
    Prog Chem. 2025, 37(2): 185-194. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240202

    Bifunctional small molecules are a sort of small molecules that engage multiple targets. They are subdivided into two categories: bifunctional small molecules with linkers and without linkers. Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is a currently emerging strategy hijacking cellular protein degradation systems, namely ubiquitin-proteasomal system and lysosomal system, to induce the degradation of targeted protein for drug development. Distinct from the traditional mechanism of action based on inhibition, TPD inhibits the function of targeted protein through targeted clearance, thus is advantageous in long-term inhibition and targeting undruggable proteins. With a unique mechanism of action, bifunctional small molecules are capable of binding degradation-associated protein and targeted protein simultaneously, and therefore used widely in the realm of TPD. This review summarizes the recent development of bifunctional molecules in TPD. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), molecular degraders of extracellular proteins through the asialoglycoprotein receptors (MoDE-As), and autophagy targeting chimeras (AUTACs) which based on bifunctional small molecules with linkers, and molecular glue degraders (MGDs) and autophagosome-tethering compounds (ATTECs) which based on bifunctional small molecules without linkers are introduced, with their clinical application highlighted. Finally, the challenges that the two categories of bifunctional small molecules respectively face in the realm of TPD as well as prospects and suggestions for their development are proposed.

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Bifunctional small molecules with linkers for TPD

    2.1 PROTACs

    2.2 AUTACs

    2.3 MoDE-As

    2.4 Challenges for bifunctional small molecules with linkers in TPD

    3 Bifunctional small molecules with linkers for TPD

    3.1 MGDs

    3.2 ATTECs

    3.3 Rational design strategy for bifunctional small molecules without linkers

    4 Conclusion and outlook

  • Review
    Yuxuan Xie, Jun Wang, Yuqing Tang, Yun Zhu, Zehui Tian, Alex T. Chow, Chao Chen
    Prog Chem. 2024, 36(9): 1412-1424. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240313

    the risk of algal blooms has significantly increased in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs due To the global climate change and anthropogenic pollution,which has a significant impact on the safety and stability of municipal water supplies.to protect source water,it is necessary to construct a mathematical model and alert system to predict algae concentration in lakes and reservoirs.This paper reviews the main environmental factors(physical,chemical,and biological)that affect the algae growth,and summarizes the principles and application scenarios of existing models.Prediction models can generally be divided into two categories:process-based models(PB models)and data-driven models(DD models).PB models are based on natural processes,which enhances their interpretability and generality.However,they require a high level of research and testing,which can be costly.DD models rely on artificial intelligence methods such as machine learning,which offer flexible and diverse modeling approaches.However,they depend on data quality,lack mechanism support,and are location-specific.Both models have been extensively studied in the past decades and have been applied in some lakes and reservoirs.to further improve model performance,future research should improve the frequency and quality of data monitoring and combine natural process mechanisms with artificial intelligence methods。

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    1.1 Eutrophication

    1.2 Impacts of algal blooms

    2 Influencing Factors

    2.1 Physical factors

    2.2 Chemical factors

    2.3 Biological factors

    3 Algae concentration prediction model

    3.1 Process-based models

    3.2 Data-driven models

    3.3 Pro and cons

    4 Conclusion and suggestions

  • Review
    Kaichong Wang, Han Wang, Yayi Wang
    Prog Chem. 2025, 37(2): 157-172. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240501

    Solar energy is the energy source for all life on Earth, and its efficient conversion is of great significance for solving the global energy crises and environmental issues. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, researchers have recently developed whole-cell biohybrids based on semiconductors and microorganisms by integrating the excellent light absorption ability of photosensitizer semiconductors and the efficient biocatalysis ability of whole-cell microbes. The development of whole-cell biohybrids aims to realize efficient solar-to-chemical production in a green and low-carbon pathway. This review clarifies the operation principle and advantages of whole-cell biohybrids, and the properties of photosensitizer semiconductors are summarized, including the band structure, excitation wavelength and quantum yield. Moreover, this work innovatively concludes the construction mechanisms of whole-cell biohybrids and the electron transfer mechanisms in the interface between semiconductor and microbe. Moreover, the advanced progress of whole-cell biohybrids are reviewed, such as the high-value conversion of carbon dioxide, artificial nitrogen fixation, hydrogen production as well as pollutant removal and recovery. Finally, the environmental impacts and challenges of whole-cell biohybrids are discussed and the perspectives for the development of whole-cell biohybrids are proposed. This article is expected to provide fundamental insights for the further development and actual application of whole-cell biohybrids.

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Principles and advantages of whole-cell biohybrids

    3 Types of photosensitizers in whole-cell biohybrids

    3.1 Inorganic semiconductors

    3.2 Organic semiconductors

    4 Construction mechanisms of whole-cell biohybrids

    5 Advanced application progresses of whole-cell biohybrids

    5.1 High-value conversion of CO2

    5.2 Artificial nitrogen fixation

    5.3 Hydrogen production

    5.4 Pollutants removal and resource recovery

    6 The environmental impacts and challenges in whole-cell biohybrids

    7 Conclusion and outlook

  • Microplastics Special Issue
    Hang Liu, Yu Su, Yutao Cheng, Ziyang Lou, Cheng Peng, Jie Wang, Yanhua Wang, Lei Wang, Rong Ji
    Prog Chem. 2025, 37(1): 32-45. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240712

    Microplastic pollution arising from the aging and decomposition of plastic waste poses a significant challenge to global plastic pollution control. Landfills have been the primary disposal sites for solid waste for a long time, and the considerable amount of plastic waste accumulated in landfills has emerged as a crucial source of microplastics in terrestrial ecosystems. This paper mainly reviews the development of plastic waste landfilling and its evolution in the landfilling process, analyzes the external input and internal generation process of microplastics in landfills, and summarizes the abundance and structural composition characteristics of microplastics reported in the landfill piles (580-168 000 items/kg) and leachate (420-291 000 items/m3) and the surrounding soils (4-14 200 items/kg) and groundwater (3000-27 200 items/m3). This paper further reveals the migration of microplastics within the waste-soil-groundwater system, and the exposure routes of humans to microplastics through the contaminated soil, air, and edible plants. As the risks and control measures to the entire environmental process of microplastics in landfills urgently require investigation, this paper puts forward key scientific and technical issues and management suggestions.

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Distribution and lifecycle of landfills

    2.1 Development and distribution of landfills

    2.2 Full lifecycle of landfills

    3 Sources and evolution of plastics in landfills

    3.1 Primary sources of landfill plastic waste

    3.2 Fragmentation of landfilled plastic waste

    4 Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in landfills

    4.1 Microplastics in waste piles

    4.2 Microplastics in leachates

    5 Migration and impacts of microplastics in landfills

    5.1 Microplastic spread to the environment

    5.2 Microplastic transfer to plants

    6 Perspectives

  • Review
    Zaiyang Zheng, Huibin Sun, Wei Huang
    Prog Chem. 2025, 37(3): 295-316. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240516

    Nowadays stretchable electronic devices have become a hot research topic in the field of information electronics because of their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. As the high-speed electron transmission channel in stretching electronic devices, stretchable conductive materials play a crucial role in realizing the functions of stretching electronic devices. Liquid metal has become a hot research object in the field of stretchable conductive composites in recent years because of its intrinsic flexibility and excellent conductivity. Liquid metal is a room temperature liquid conductive material, which exhibits excellent stretchability and tunability due to its inherent high conductivity, fluidity, and ductility. Liquid metal-based stretchable conductive composites preparation and patterning techniques have been reported and many stretchable devices with excellent combination of mechanical and electrical properties have been prepared. In view of the general structural characteristics of liquid metal-based stretchable composites, the key to the preparation is how to solve the interfacial non-impregnation problem caused by the physical property differences between different materials. Therefore, starting from the common types of composites, this paper firstly briefly introduces the components and physical properties of liquid metals generally used, as well as the stretchable polymer matrix materials usually employed. Then, the composite methods of conductive materials and elastomer materials in liquid metal-based electrodes are reviewed from the two ways of "passive" and "active" to deal with the problem of non-wetting at the interface, as well as the blending and dispersion method and the new modification method. Finally, the latest research progress is introduced, and the current status of liquid metal research is summarized. Future development and potential problems to be faced are also discussed.

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Liquid metal-based flexible device material composition

    2.1 Liquid metal and its composite materials

    2.2 Flexible substrate material

    3 Preparation method of liquid metal-based flexible conductive composites

    3.1 Passive internal embedding method

    3.2 Active surface structure modification method

    3.3 Direct blending composite method

    3.4 New methods for the preparation and patterning of liquid metal electrodes

    4 Conclusion and outlook

  • Review
    Linjie Yue, Lingxiu He, Na Liu, Risong Pan, Jingyi Zhu
    Prog Chem. 2024, 36(8): 1186-1199. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240101

    as a molecular imaging technique with high sensitivity and high spatial resolution,fluorescence imaging is widely used in cancer diagnosis and therapy.However,commonly used fluorescence imaging agents,such as small-molecule fluorescent dyes and fluorescent inorganic nanoparticles,have defects such as poor photostability,rapid metabolism in vivo,and low accumulation at lesion sites,which limit their application in the field of cancer fluorescence imaging.in recent years,the appearance of dendrimer has provided a new strategy for the development of nano-scale fluorescence imaging agents.A dendrimer is composed of three parts,including a central core,internal repeating units and abundant terminal functional groups.the excellent structure of dendrimer enables it to load small-molecule fluorescent dyes or fluorescent inorganic nanoparticles to achieve early fluorescence monitoring of cancer and evaluate its distribution and metabolism in vivo.Additionally,some amino-terminated dendrimers can be used to monitor their uptake by cancer cells through their intrinsic fluorescence.the introduction of dendrimer greatly improves the water solubility and biocompatibility of fluorescent dyes and fluorescent inorganic nanoparticles,and the surface functionalization of dendrimer could achieve their tissue-specific delivery.Most importantly,the protection of dendrimer can greatly avoid fluorescence quenching and achieve long-time fluorescence imaging.Therefore,this review mainly describes various kinds of dendrimer-based fluorescence imaging agents,summarizes their synthesis methods and their applications in cancer fluorescence imaging,and prospects for their future development。

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Functionalized dendrimer with fluorescence property

    2.1 Intrinsically fluorescent dendrimer

    2.2 Dendrimer loaded with fluorescent dye molecules

    2.3 Dendrimer loaded with fluorescent inorganic nanoparticles

    3 Conclusion and outlook

  • Microplastics Special Issue
    Mianmo Li, Minghao Sui
    Prog Chem. 2025, 37(1): 124-132. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240617

    As public concern regarding the safety of drinking water continues growing, microplastics and antibiotics have emerged as new contaminants of interest within the field of water treatment. Microplastics and antibiotics not only pollute aquatic environments and endanger both aquatic life and human health, but their coexistence in water can also lead to physical and chemical interactions, such as adsorption. These interactions are influenced by various factors, including the morphology, functional groups, and aging degree of microplastics, as well as the pH, temperature, salinity, heavy metal ions, and organic macromolecules in the water. The resulting microplastic-antibiotic complex pollutants exhibit greater toxicity and are more challenging to remove. This review discusses the hazards of microplastics and antibiotics in water, their interaction mechanisms, and influencing factors. It also highlights the removal characteristics of complex pollutants using two typical water treatment technologies: coagulation and advanced oxidation. The principles and degradation effects of these treatment processes are analyzed in detail.

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Hazards of microplastic-antibiotic composite pollutants

    3 Mechanisms of interaction between microplastics and antibiotics

    4 Factors influencing the interaction between micro- plastics and antibiotics

    5 Coagulation removal of microplastic-antibiotic composite pollution

    6 Advanced oxidation degradation of microplastic- antibiotic composite pollution

    7 Conclusion and outlook

  • Review
    Chunyan Li, Xin Lin, Wen Wang, Hongyu Zhen
    Prog Chem. 2024, 36(9): 1316-1335. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240204

    in recent years,there has been significant progress in non-fullerene organic solar cells(NF-OSCs)due to the rapid development of narrow-bandgap small-molecule acceptor materials and the high-performance polymer donor materials,with the power conversion efficiency(PCE)approaching 20%.However,As the design of alternating D-A copolymer materials reaches saturation,there is an urgent need to develop more efficient conjugated polymer materials.the ternary random strategy has emerged to address this challenge.the advantages of the ternary random copolymerization,including easy energy level tuning,broad and strong absorption,and high molar absorptivity,which have attracted considerable attention in the field of organic solar cells.In this review,firstly,the advantages of the ternary random copolymerization strategy in modulating polymer properties and device performance are discussed.Through this strategy,the active layer morphology can be effectively regulated and optimized,and thus the charge transfer efficiency can be improved leading to the improved PCE.Furthermore,the application of the ternary random copolymerization into NF-OSCs is summarized from the perspectives of random polymer donors and acceptors.Finally,a summary and outlook of the further development of random polymers are presented.as expected,to understand the design concept and advantages of ternary random strategy would be beneficial for the development of organic solar cells。

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Advantages of random copolymerization strategy

    3 Random polymer donors

    3.1 PBDB series random polymer donor materials

    3.2 D18 series random polymer donor materials

    3.3 PTs series random polymer donor materials

    3.4 PTB and PCE11 series random polymer donor materials

    3.5 J series random polymer donor materials

    4 Random polymer acceptors

    4.1 NDI series random polymer acceptor materials

    4.2 BTI series random polymer acceptor materials

    4.3 PSMA series random polymer acceptor materials

    5 Application of random copolymerization to OSCs stability

    6 Conclusion and outlook

  • Review
    Yanhong Liu, Dongju Zhang
    Prog Chem. 2025, 37(2): 281-292. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240411

    The visible-light-driven copper-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reaction of carboxylic acids and their derivatives is a novel, efficient, and green synthetic method. It allows the construction of various carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds for the synthesis of a wide range of high-value-added chemicals, making it a hot topic in the field of modern synthetic chemistry. In recent years, researchers worldwide have conducted extensive studies in this area, achieving a series of innovative results that have been widely applied in organic synthesis, materials science, and medicinal chemistry. This paper reviews the latest experimental and theoretical advances in the visible-light-driven copper-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives, with a focus on several typical cross-coupling reactions that form C—X (X = C, N, O, S) bonds. It also discusses the future development prospects of this catalytic method.

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Mechanism of photocatalyst and copper complex co-catalysis

    3 Photocatalyst and copper complex co-catalyzed carboxylic acid (ester) decarboxylative coupling reactions

    3.1 C—C coupling

    3.2 C—N coupling

    3.3 C—O coupling

    3.4 C—S coupling

    4 Conclusion and outlook

  • Review
    Ruiqi Li, Weiyi Lai, Hailin Wang
    Prog Chem. 2024, 36(9): 1283-1290. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240304

    During many life processes such as replication,transcription,double-strand breaks repair and so on,double-stranded DNA will temporarily unwind and form single strand DNA(ssDNA).ssDNA may affect genomic stability and may also participate in the formation of non-B DNA structure,which in turn regulates and influences many key cellular processes.This review briefly describes the causes of the formation of single-stranded DNA,the structures containing single-stranded DNA and their possible functions in cells,and summarizes some high-throughput analysis techniques of single-stranded DNA,which provides the method inspiration for the subsequent ssDNA research and promotes the further development of ssDNA analysis techniques and methods。

    Contents

    1 Overview of ssDNA

    2 Formation and function of ssDNA

    3 ssDNA sequencing methods

    3.1 ssDNA-seq

    3.2 KAS-seq

    3.3 DRIP-seq

    3.4 R-ChIP

    3.5 SMRF-seq

    3.6 MapR

    3.7 G4 ChIP-seq

    3.8 G4 CUT&Tag

    4 Conclusion and outlook

  • Review
    Hang Li, Li Wang, Youzhi Song, Zhiguo Zhang, Aimin Du, Xiangming He
    Prog Chem. 2024, 36(9): 1304-1315. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240203

    Layered transition metal oxides(LiTMO2)are candidate cathode materials for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries,primarily owing to their high theoretical specific capacity.Nevertheless,the persistent challenge of chemical-mechanical failure during charge-discharge cycling has impeded its progressive development.In numerous prior investigations,researchers have diligently explored the cycling failure of this material family,presenting a spectrum of modification strategies aimed at addressing this issue including doping,coating,surface or grain boundary modification.Given the impact of lattice defects and heterogeneous structures introduced throughout the synthesis process cannot be overlooked,a comprehensive comprehension of the influence exerted by various controlling factors on the structural formation of materials is imperative.This review aims to elucidate the ramifications of control factors,including precursor,lithium salt,sintering temperature,holding time,and sintering atmosphere,on the material structure during the synthesis process.The objective is to provide the battery community with valuable insights on strategies to synthesize high-performance LiTMO2materials 。

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Structural characteristics of high-performance LiTMO2

    3 Reduction of inherent defects formed in the synthesis process

    3.1 Effect of precursors on the inherent defects in LiTMO2

    3.2 Effect of lithium salt species on the structure of LiTMO2

    3.3 Effect of sintering regime on the structure of LiTMO2

    3.4 Effect of sintering atmosphere and oxygen partial pressure on the structure of LiTMO2

    3.5 Water-washing process

    4 Conclusion and outlook

  • Microplastics Special Issue
    Yuji Huang, Kailin Xu, Boxuan Liang, Yizhou Zhong, Maoyong Song, Zhenlie Huang
    Prog Chem. 2025, 37(1): 76-88. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240709

    Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) pollution has become a serious environmental issue. MNPs can enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact, raising significant concerns about their potential risks to the nervous system. This paper reviews the studies on the neurotoxic effects of MNPs in terrestrial mammals, focusing on their possible toxic mechanisms. Studies have shown that MNPs can cause damage to the nervous system by inducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, the impact of MNPs on the gut-brain axis is considered a crucial mechanism leading to neurotoxicity. Despite current progress, there are still insufficient data and incomplete understanding of the neurotoxic mechanisms involved. Future research should enhance epidemiological studies on MNP exposure, develop more suitable experimental models, investigate the health effects of different types of MNPs, explore their mechanisms in greater depth, and comprehensively assess various influencing factors. These efforts will provide essential insights for a more thorough understanding of the impact of MNPs on human health.

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Human exposure to MNPs

    2.1 Routes of human exposure to MNPs

    2.2 Detection of MNPs in human tissues and organs

    3 Neurotoxic effects of MNPs

    3.1 Cognitive impairment

    3.2 Behavioral abnormalities

    3.3 Neurodevelopmental toxicity

    3.4 Alterations in brain structure

    3.5 Combined neurotoxic effects of MNPs and other environmental pollutants

    4 Mechanisms of toxicity

    4.1 Oxidative stress

    4.2 Neuroinflammation

    4.3 Mitochondrial dysfunction

    4.4 Synaptic function and neurotransmitter balance

    4.5 Gut-brain axis mechanism

    5 Conclusion and outlook

  • Chemistry: A Century of Life-Special Edition
    Jian Yang, Yu Liu, Jingyan Li, Pu Chen, Yupeng Xu, Dan Liu, Xiaoli Chu
    Prog Chem. 2024, 36(12): 1874-1892. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC241117

    Multispectral fusion is an important research and development direction in modern spectral analysis techniques. It realizes the information complementarity and synergy of multispectral data by optimizing and integrating different types of spectra. Combined with chemometric methods, it can improve the prediction accuracy and robustness of the models. This paper systematically introduces multispectral fusion strategies and algorithms, including classic fusion strategies, fusion based on multi-block algorithms, fusion based on multi-way algorithms, and fusion based on deep learning. The application research on single-spectral fusion, two-spectral fusion, three-spectral fusion, and the fusion of spectra with other information is respectively summarized and discussed. On this basis, the advantages and disadvantages, limitations, and basic selection principles of spectral fusion methods are reviewed. Finally, the challenges faced by multispectral fusion analysis techniques and the future prospects are discussed.

  • Review
    Shifan Chen, Yi Liu, Xiang Liu, Qian Tian, Guoan Tai
    Prog Chem. 2024, 36(8): 1119-1133. https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240122

    borophene,as an emerging single-element two-dimensional material,has attracted great interest from researchers due to its excellent properties such as high carrier mobility,mechanical compliance,optical transparency,ultrahigh thermal conductivity,and superconductivity.These properties make it an ideal candidate for research fields such as energy,sensors,and information storage.Guided by the pioneering experimental work in 2015,new achievements in experimental synthesis and practical applications of borophene continue emerging,which has driven the development of borophene from experimental synthesis to practical applications.based on the introduction of the special properties and innovative synthesis methods,we mainly review the application of borophene in the field of sensors.Finally,some reasonable discussions on potential issues and challenges for future researches are provided Based on the current state of research。

    Contents

    1 Introduction

    2 Characteristics of borophene

    2.1 Electrical properties

    2.2 Optical properties

    2.3 Mechanical properties

    2.4 Magnetic properties

    3 Preparation of borophene

    3.1 Synthesis of borophene on substrate surface

    3.2 Substrate-free synthesis of borophene

    4 The application of borophene in sensors

    4.1 Borophene gas sensor

    4.2 Borophene pressure sensor

    4.3 Borophene heterojunction humidity sensor

    5 Conclusion and outlook

ISSN 1005-281X (Print)
Started from 1989

Published by: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)