The research aims to improve the use of cotton stalks rationally and efficiently, reduce the waste of available resources and avoid adverse impact on the ecological environment, so that the cotton stalks can play its role as renewable resources. From the perspective of ecological utilization of cotton stalks, the author came up with the application technologies and relevant issues of cotton stalks, such as the cotton stalks used as fertilizer, feed and fuel, in order to promote the rational utilization of cotton stalks resources. This paper consists of 5 parts: the first part was the preface: the utilization status of cotton stalks resources at home and abroad; the second part: advantages of utilization and propose advantages of utilization in four specific areas; the third part: the traditional approach of hazard analysis; the fourth part: comprehensive utilization technologies; the fifth part: the conclusion. The author summarized the research work and proposed the focus of future research.