The paper aims to investigate the effects of bumblebee pollination on the quality and economic benefits of fresh tomatoes. This study took the fresh tomato variety ‘Jingcai 8’ as the research object. Through relevant investigations, data analysis, and economic benefit calculations, the effects of bumblebee pollination and hormone dipping on fresh tomatoes overwintering cultivated in greenhouse were studied. The research results showed that bee pollination increased the fruit setting rate, single fruit weight, and total yield of fresh tomatoes. The rate of malformed fruits decreased by 78.05%, the number of single fruits increased by 91.52%, the total sugar content increased by 17.44%, the soluble solids increased by 7.89%, the sugar acid ratio increased by 14.07%, tomato sales revenue increased by 8.06%, cost savings were 11550 yuan/hm², efficiency increased by 38910 yuan/hm², and total benefits increased by 12.49%. In addition to economic benefits, bee pollination reduced the use of hormones and pesticides, which had good ecological benefits. This study provides a reference for the promotion and application of bee pollination technology in the production of fresh tomatoes.

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is widely present in animals, plants, and microbial cells and serves as a key precursor for tetrapyrrole compounds. It participates in the synthesis of essential metabolites such as heme, vitamin B₁₂, and chlorophyll, exhibiting diverse physiological functions. This paper summarized the biosynthesis pathway of 5-ALA and its transport mechanism across different cell types, analyzed the functions and regulatory mechanisms of important downstream metabolites derived from 5-ALA, and reviewed the current applications of 5-ALA in pharmaceutical and agricultural fields. Furthermore, this paper highlighted existing challenges, including immaturity of biosynthesis technology and lack of standardized application protocols, and provided future research prospects to guide its potential applications in agriculture.

In this study, data on yield and quality of Zhaotong apples were obtained from China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) full text database and Web of Science database (WOS), a linear model was established by fitting a regression model using least squares estimation in order to study the effects of climatic factors on yield and quality of Zhaotong apples. The coefficient of determination of annual rainfall was low for yield and soluble solids content, and was high for titratable acid and water contents. Mean annual temperature had lower coefficients of determination for single fruit weight, titratable acid content and fruit shape index, and had higher coefficients of determination for yield and soluble sugar content. In the Zhaotong apple growing area, the increase of annual rainfall and mean temperature decreased apple quality, while the increase of mean annual maximum temperature increased apple yield, and the increase of mean annual minimum temperature increased single fruit weight. Taking into account the current climatic factors and future trends, it is recommended to plant varieties tolerant to high temperatures and to irrigate 2-3 times from autumn to spring. In breeding and production management, it is recommended to focus on the selection of varieties with extended cold periods and late flowering and working out production programs.

Heavy metal contamination of soil affects soil and crop quality and poses a threat to human health. Traditional phytoremediation techniques face challenges such as prolonged remediation cycles, poor adaptability, and the complexity of pollution, thus making it crucial to explore the mechanisms of removal, decomposition, and detoxification through enhanced phytoremediation technologies in heavy metal-contaminated soils. By collecting literature on intensive phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils, we concisely described techniques such as genetic engineering, the application of plant growth regulators, microbial synergistic remediation, and the addition of chelating agents, focusing on how these techniques enhance plant tolerance to heavy metal ions and affect their transport within the plant. This paper proposed that future agricultural production should focus more on understanding the molecular mechanisms and gene regulatory networks of plants, as well as the demand and uptake capacity of different plants for specific nutrients. Additionally, it suggested exploring more in situ bioresistance resources and combinatorial modes, enriching the symbiotic systems of bacteria and plants within contamination ranges, optimizing the dosage of chelating agents, and prioritizing biodegradable chelating agents or developing environmentally friendly substitutes. These efforts aimed to provide a theoretical and practical basis for utilizing enhanced phytoremediation technologies to address soil heavy metal contamination.

In order to explore the differences in color value, SPAD value and quality of cured tobacco leaves with different maturity levels, the color parameters, SPAD values, conventional chemical composition and sensory quality in different sections of the tobacco leaves of three ripening levels were studied using the middle and upper tobacco leaves of ‘Yunyan 87’ as materials. The results showed that with the increase of the harvesting maturity of the middle and upper tobacco leaves, the L^*, a^* and b^* values of tobacco leaves gradually increased, the SPAD values gradually decreased, and the uniformity of leaf color deteriorated. The color value and SPAD value of different sections of the same tobacco leaf were different, and the color value of the section near the tip of the leaf was larger and the SPAD value was smaller. The color value of the lower section (C area) of the middle tobacco leaves and the upper section (D area) of the upper tobacco leaves was similar to the overall mean value of the leaves, and the SPAD value of the upper section (D area) of the middle and upper tobacco leaves was similar to the overall mean value of the leaves. From the perspective of the quality of cured tobacco leaves, with the improvement of maturity, the quality of tobacco leaves first increased and then decreased; the middle tobacco leaves were roasted when the yellow-green area of the leaf surface was about 60% and the main vein became white about 1/2, while the upper tobacco leaves were roasted when the yellow-green area of the leaf surface was about 80% and the main vein became white about 2/3, the comprehensive quality of the cured tobacco leaves was relatively good. In addition, the color parameters L^*, a^* and b^* of tobacco leaves were negatively correlated with SPAD values, and the color parameters and SPAD values were significantly or extremely significantly correlated with some conventional chemical composition indexes of tobacco leaves.

In order to gain a deeper understanding of the research status and future directions in the field of leisure agriculture, this paper took the relevant literature published in the CSSCI journals and Peking University core journals collected by CNKI from 2012 to 2023 as the data sources, and used CiteSpace software to analyze the dynamic trends of collaborating authors, collaborating institutions, research trends, and publication volume in this field. The results indicate that the majority of authors have rich connections among themselves, but some teams still have limited network connections. The research institutions are still mainly universities, and their connections withindustries are not close enough. The research topics focus on "rural tourism", "models", "industrial upgrading", etc., mainly focusing on 12 themes including leisure agriculture strategies, rural tourism, influencing factors, development difficulties, industrial integration, low-carbon transformation, and key areas. The related research shows the development trend from macro to micro, and from single discipline extension to interdisciplinary intersection. Future research can delve deeper into the diversity of research teams, the expansion of research content, and the innovation of research contexts. The conclusions can provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization.

This study explores the genetic basis and related functional genes of rice nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), highlighting the overuse of nitrogen fertilizers and summarizing the pertinent genes. NUE traits are divided into physiological traits (such as nitrogen uptake) and agronomic traits (such as tiller number) to elucidate key genes beneficial for nitrogen absorption. In physiological traits, genes affecting the absorption of NH₄⁺ and NO₃^- in rice are summarized. The absorption of NH₄⁺ in rice is primarily controlled by the AMT superfamily of proteins, whereas the proteins involved in NO₃^- transport mainly fall into two categories: NRT1 and NRT2, such as overexpression of genes like OsAMT1.1 and OsNRT1.1B can increase rice's nitrogen uptake. In agronomic traits, transcription factors such as GRF4 and NGR5 regulate the expression of nitrogen metabolism genes, promoting tiller development and grain growth, thus enhancing nitrogen use efficiency. These findings provide new genetic resources for rice breeding, promising the development of high NUE and environmentally friendly new varieties.

In order to study the warming effect of different plastic film mulching methods on early spring corn in Wuhan, ensure safe sowing and increase yield per unit, a comparative observation experiment was conducted on three covering methods with ‘Etianyu No5’ as test material in Hannan District of Wuhan, including open field sowing, single-layer plastic film covering, and single-layer plastic film + small arch shed. The results showed that plastic film covering significantly increased the ground temperature by 10 cm, increased the effective accumulated temperature by 9.9%-22.1% compared to open field sowing, shortened the entire growth period by 5-13 days, and increased the seedling emergence rate by 20%-30%. Among them, the warming effect of plastic film + small arch shed treatment is the most significant, and the effect of promoting early market is the best; the open field sowing method is not suitable for promotion due to the high risk of low temperature and cold damage during the sowing period. Under the methods of plastic film covering and plastic film + arch shed, the average earliest suitable sowing period could be 8 days and 19 days earlier than open field sowing, respectively. In terms of selecting a safe sowing period, if continuous low temperature is forecasted, the germination rate could be improved by delaying sowing or adding small arch sheds, thereby reducing the risk of low temperature and cold damage.

In order to explore a new cultivation substrate and a simplified cultivation method for Coprinus comatus, using the conventional formula as the control, 30% waste exogenous nutrition bag of Morchella spp. was added instead of bran as the experiment formula, and the C. comatus was cultivated by simplified cultivation method. The mycelium growth, fruiting body yield, raw material cost and nutritional ingredient of C. comatus were analyzed. The results showed that the mycelium characters, fruiting body yield and characters of C. comatus cultivated with the experiment formula were not significantly different from control, and the cost of cultivation raw materials was reduced by 29%. The contents of protein, total amino acids, flavonoids, fat and ash were lower than those of the control. The waste exogenous nutrition bag of Morchella spp. can be used as substrate materials to provide nitrogen source and partial carbon source for the growth of C. comatus. The simplified cultivation method of C. comatus can be effectively simplify the cultivation process and reduce the cost of raw materials.

This study focused on carbon footprint and nitrogen fertilizer utilization in agricultural production, providing theoretical support for low-carbon production of dry rice. The carbon footprint (CFP) of the production process of upland rice was calculated by using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The results showed that the carbon footprint of 1 kg Jilin upland rice from planting to product processing was 0.4721 kg CO₂-eq. The carbon footprint of upland rice was mainly derived from nitrogen fertilizer production (39.71%) and land emission (20.41%). In conclusion, compared with rice, upland rice had no methane emission and had emission reduction effect. Optimization of fertilizer selection, rational reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application, application of controlled release fertilizer, addition of nitrification inhibitor, and rational substitution of organic fertilizer for fertilizer were important ways to further achieve carbon emission reduction of upland rice.

The paper aims to address the issues of wheat variety selection and corresponding pest and disease control in different regions. Firstly, a data corpus with 3481 wheat variety data and 312 pest data was constructed. According to the characteristics of the corpus, the knowledge system model layer of wheat variety and pest control was defined in a fine grained manner. Secondly, the comparative advantages of Bert and Word2vec word - embedding models on small and medium-sized datasets were verified on public datasets and constructed datasets respectively, and then the attribute knowledge of wheat varieties and pests was extracted by using models suitable for each scale datasets. The experimental results showed that the F₁ value of Bert-BiLSTM-CRF model was 0.1499 higher than that of Word2vec-BiLSTM-CRF model in breed datasets. Word2vec-BiLSTM-CRF model was superior to Bert-BiLSTM-CRF model in pest datasets.

To explore the curing process in heat pump bulk for one time harvesting upper tobacco leaves in the tobacco-rice multiple-cropping area, ‘Yunyan 87’ was used as the experimental material to study the effects of different curing processes on the ratio of greenish and miscellaneous tobacco, high quality tobacco ratio, average price, energy consumption, appearance quality, physical character, chemical composition, and smoking quality of the cured tobacco leaves. The results show that compared with the four-step curing process, the steady temperature and humidity drop curing process can enhance the chromaticity of tobacco leaves, increase the chlorogenic acid content of tobacco leaves, increase the proportion of main tobacco leaves by 5.61%, reduce the proportion of miscellaneous tobacco leaves by 38.05%, reduce the proportion of greenish tobacco leaves by 54.40%, increase the high quality tobacco ratio by14.74%, increase the average price, appearance quality index, and total score of smoking quality by 8.59%, 8.29%, and 2.38%, respectively, and reduce the total energy consumption cost by 3.95%. Therefore, for the one time harvesting upper tobacco leaves in the tobacco-rice multiple-cropping area, the use of steady temperature and humidity drop curing process in heat pump intensive curing barn can improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves, reduce curing costs, and have certain promotion value.

Cultivated land serves as the material foundation for human survival and development. The construction of high-standard farmland is a crucial measure to enhance grain production capacity and ensure national food security. The evaluation of cultivated land quality grades is an important means to improve land management and protection intensity. This study employs the concept of fuzzy mathematics, utilizing methods such as the membership function method and expert experience method to standardize the evaluation factors. It investigates and evaluates the quality of cultivated land before and after the high-standard farmland construction project in four townships of Yuanping City in 2021. The results showed that the content of organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium in the project area increased by 7.45%, 9.59% and 6.48%, respectively. The average grade of cultivated land quality after construction was 5.73, which was 0.54 higher than that before construction. To a certain extent, the high-standard farmland construction project has enhanced the quality level of cultivated land and the grain production capacity in Yuanping City.

With the improvement of the ability to resist dominant disasters, unnoticeable natural hazards have gradually evolved into a key factor affecting the continuous and balanced increase of crop yield in China. Understanding the mechanisms, characteristics and countermeasures to the unnoticeable natural hazards could provide important theoretical and technological supports to the implement strategies for hazard alleviation. This paper reviews the types of the main unnoticeable natural hazards on maize production, and points out the diversity and complexity of them. The study explores the impact of unnoticeable natural hazards on maize growth and development, revealing that these hazards significantly inhibit photosynthesis, delay growth stages, and reduce pollination and seed-setting rates. Additionally, they impede plant growth and lead to poor kernel development, ultimately compromising both maize yield and quality. Specifically, drought and high temperatures exacerbate water stress, while waterlogging and prolonged overcast/rainy conditions cause root hypoxia and insufficient light energy, respectively. Furthermore, low-temperature chilling injury slows growth and increases physiological disorders. Collectively, these factors lead to yield reduction and diminish farmer income. According to the specific characteristics of different types of unnoticeable natural hazards, the technical measures for preventing or reducing the agricultural unnoticeable natural hazards were put forward, aiming at providing reference for high and stable yield of maize. Through scientific management and countermeasures, the adverse effects on maize production can be effectively mitigated, and both yield and quality can be enhanced.

Through a bibliometric analysis of literature on the development of smart agriculture in China, this study aims to understand the publication status, research hotspots, emerging trends, and development directions within this field. Based on data collected from CNKI, the study retrieved and analyzed 94 articles published over the past five years (2019-2023) in core journals indexed in NU, CSSCI, and CSCD under the theme of "smart agriculture development." The results revealed the following: (1) publications on smart agriculture began to surge in 2019, reaching a peak in 2021; (2) universities and research institutions served as the primary centers for research on smart agriculture development; (3) most Chinese scholars focused their research on aspects such as development logic, development models, strategic frameworks, bidirectional mechanisms, and optimization paths within smart agriculture development; (4) the majority of research achievements in this field had been supported by project funding. Research on smart agriculture development is currently in a growth phase, with universities and research institutes contributing the largest volume of publications. In future, the development of smart agriculture should be explored from more novel perspectives in alignment with national strategic requirements.

This study focused on four typical plantation types (Platycladus orientalis forest, Pinus tabuliformis- Amorpha fruticosa forest, Ziziphus jujuba forest, and Pinus tabuliformis- Rhus typhina forest) in the loess stone mountain area of northern Shaanxi. Their ecological benefits were comprehensively evaluated and a multi-dimensional ecological benefit evaluation system was constructed through community surveys, soil physicochemical property measurements, plant physiological index analyses, diversity index calculations, and using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method. The results showed that the number of species in Platycladus orientalis forest and Pinus tabuliformis- A. fruticosa forest was 20, which was higher than that in Z. jujuba forest, and Pinus tabuliformis- R. typhina forest, while Pinus tabuliformis- R. typhina forest exhibited significantly higher Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and Pielou evenness index in its tree and shrub layers than other 3 types of forest. However, there were no significant differences in herbaceous layer community characteristic indices among the 4 plantations. The total phosphorus content in the soil of Pinus tabuliformis- R. typhina forest was significantly higher than that in other 3 types of forest. The total potassium content in the soil of Platycladus orientalis forest and Pinus tabuliformis- R. typhina forest was significantly higher than that in the Pinus tabuliformis- A. fruticosa forest and Z. jujuba forest, while the available potassium content was significantly lower than that in the latter 2 forests. The leaves photosynthetic capacity of the broadleaf trees (Z. jujuba and R. typhina) was significantly higher than that of the coniferous tree (Pinus tabuliformis and Platycladus orientalis), while the leaf water content was significantly lower than that of the coniferous tree. Comprehensive analysis revealed that soil physicochemical properties and the physiological state of dominant tree species significantly influenced understory vegetation community composition. The comprehensive ecological benefit evaluation ranked the four plantations in descending order as follows: Pinus tabuliformis- R. typhina forest, Pinus tabuliformis- A. fruticosa forest, Z. jujuba forest, and Platycladus orientalis forest. The study confirmed that the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest improved community stability and soil nutrient supply capacity through niche complementarity, which was more suitable for ecological restoration along the loess stone mountain area in northern Shaanxi, and the mixed forest of Pinus tabuliformis and R. typhina could be promoted as a preferred model.

The purpose of this study is to make rational use of agricultural climate resources, carry out the climate suitable zoning of seabuckthorn planting in Aheqi, and arrange the planting area of seabuckthorn scientifically. Base on the historical meteorological data of 25 national meteorological stations in Aheqi County and its surrounding areas from 1991 to 2024, the climatic regionalization index of seabuckthorn planting in Aheqi County was determined by using ≥10°C accumulated temperature, frost-free period statistical method, grid mathematical model of spatial distribution of climatic elements and their changes, and agricultural climatic regionalization method. By using ArcGIS technology, the seabuckthorn planting area was divided into four areas : the most suitable area, the suitable area, the sub-suitable area and the unsuitable area. The research shows that the most suitable areas for planting sea buckthorn are in the middle and eastern part of the county, and the central and southern plains of the southern valley. The suitable areas are in the middle and eastern part of the county and the southern plain of the valley at an altitude of 1900-2100 m and 2200-2400 m. The sub-suitable planting areas are in the county valley plain and the valley hilly low mountain belt. The unsuitable areas are distributed in the middle and high mountain areas in the western, northern and southern mountainous areas of the county.

Through the 2022 Hebei Province Farmland Quality Evaluation Project, data from farmland quality monitoring points in eight counties of the Ningjinbo-Daluze low plain area were summarized and analyzed to evaluate the quality of farmland and soil nutrient status in the region. Using the grid method to evenly arrange sample evaluation units, the five-point method was adopted to collect cultivated soil samples from the surface layer (0-20 cm), and laboratory tests were conducted according to the soil testing series standards. Referring to the National Farmland Quality Grade Evaluation Index System of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the weight of the indicators was determined. For numerical indicators of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, the membership degree was determined by establishing functional relationships. For other conceptual indicators, the Delphi method expert scoring was used to give the membership degree, and the cumulative method was used to calculate the comprehensive index of arable land quality to obtain the arable land quality grade. The results showed that the average quality grade of cultivated land in the area was 3.51, with the main cultivated land grades being third and fourth grade. The third grade cultivated land was the main body, with an area of 140191 hm², accounting for 49.44% of the total cultivated land area in the area. The overall level of nutrients in the cultivated land in this area was relatively high, all of which were above level three. Nutrients were evenly distributed within the region, and the maximum values of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium appeared around the ancient Daluze marsh land. By analyzing the factors affecting the quality evaluation of cultivated land, such as irrigation guarantee, the texture and configuration of the plow layer, and the reserve of organic matter content, measures and suggestions for maintaining the quality level of cultivated land in the region were proposed, providing reference for soil nutrient monitoring, improving cultivated land quality, protecting ecological balance, and maintaining sustainable agricultural development in other low plain areas in Hebei Province.

To explore the efficiency of different slow (controlled) release fertilizers in rice, this experiment set up four treatments of fertilization: conventional fertilization, Maoshi controlled-release fertilizer, Sirte slow-release fertilizer, and Maoshi dual control slow-release fertilizer. The rice yield and soil chemical properties were measured in each plot, and the effects of different slow (controlled) release fertilizers on reduction and efficiency of rice fertilizer, soil fertility and determination of soil chemical properties were evaluated using combination of the analysis of soil enzyme activity and microorganism indicators. The results showed that when fertilizer nutrients quantity decreased by 13%, the theoretical yield of rice was consistent with the actual yield, with Maoshi dual control slow-release fertilizer treatment>Sirte slow-release fertilizer treatment>conventional fertilization treatment>Maoshi controlled-release fertilizer treatment; under the application of slow (controlled) release fertilizer in rice, the cost-saving and fertilizer reduction effect of Sirte slow-release fertilizer and Maoshi dual control slow-release fertilizer were the better; the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium content of rice grains and straw treated with Sirte slow-release fertilizer and Maoshi dual control slow-release fertilizer were relatively higher. Maoshi dual control slow-release fertilizer treatment had the best effect on improving various chemical and biological characteristics of soil. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the application of Maoshi dual control slow-release fertilizer had the best effect.

This study aims to study the application strategies of new technologies such as Internet+, 3S, AI, and big data in biological invasion prevention and control, and analyze the application paths of digital intelligent platforms in biological invasion prevention and control, so as to solve the problem of inefficiency and time-consuming in traditional invasive biological prevention and control. We used field surveys, literature reviews, and typical case analysis to comprehensively evaluate the role of digital and intelligent platforms in biological invasion monitoring and prevention. The results show that the ways to improve digital intelligence in biological invasion prevention and control include solution design and platform construction, digital intelligence improvement in data collection and processing, and implementation and application in specific ecosystem types. The focus is on the use of Internet+, 3S technology, AI big data analysis, data mining and data cleaning and other technical means to build an intelligent monitoring and early warning system for invasive organisms, so as to achieve the management of basic information on biological invasive species, visualize its spatial distribution and hazard degree, and focus on the application of drones, sensors, and etc. in the detection and removal of biological invasion. The results are expected to provide scientific reference for improving the efficiency of biological invasion prevention and control and building a digital intelligent platform.