To clarify the use of plant growth regulators in peanut production, we collected statistics on the types of regulators currently valid for registration in peanuts by querying the China Pesticide Information Network, and inquired about the maximum residue limits and detection methods of regulators in peanuts in the national food safety standard Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food (GB 2763—2021). The toxicity of regulators mainly used in peanut productionwas analyzed to provide opinions and suggestions for the formulation and revision of relevant standards in the next step. And it also provided reference for the high-quality development of the peanut industry’s export earnings, enhanced the international competitiveness of China’s peanut industry, and ensured the healthy and sustainable development of China’s peanut industry.

Intelligent identification technology is a technology to recognize, judge and simulate images and videos by simulating the visual performance and thinking model of mankind. This paper listed the latest research of computer vision and intelligent identification technology in automatic grading of flue-cured tobacco from image and near infrared spectrum acquisition, feature extraction and intelligent identification model, summarized the advantages and disadvantages of different intelligent identification model. At last, we put forward the robustness and accuracy of defect in identification model, and the application of intelligent recognition and multi-dimensional characteristic data fusion in tobacco grade determination would be the future research direction.

In recent years, the betel nut planting industry in Hainan Province has developed rapidly. Industrial adjustment and optimization will be the focus of its future development, and a reasonable production area layout is crucial for the sustainable development of the betel nut industry in Hainan. Using regional comparative advantage index and resource endowment coefficient, this study analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of betel nut production in various cities and counties in Hainan from 2005 to 2022. The results showed that the scale of betel nut cultivation in Hainan had significantly increased, but the yield had significantly decreased. The calculated results of the comprehensive comparative advantage index and resource endowment coefficient showed strong consistency. The central regions of Qiongzhong, Ding'an, Baoting, and Tunchang had stronger comparative advantages in betel nut production, which were key areas for the production layout in Hainan. The leading advantage of traditional planting areas in the east was gradually weakening, while the overall western region lacked comparative advantages but showed a clear upward trend. The production of betel nuts in Hainan presents a pattern of retreating in the east, advancing in the west, and maintaining dominance in the center. The driving factors of spatial-temporal evolution mainly include higher economic benefits, the diffusion of high-yield cultivation and management techniques, and the spread of diseases and pests such as yellowing disease. It is recommended to reasonably adjust the layout of betel nut production, moderately control of planting scale, strengthen socialized services, clarify the regulatory policies for edible betel nut products, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the betel nut industry.

Citrus is the largest category of fruit in China, which is widely planted and has many cultivars for fresh fruit market. To extend shelf life, promote intensive processing, improve enterprise’s benefit, current research progresses related to fruit storage and processing have been reviewed. At first, new preservation technologies applied in Citrus fruits’ storage were summarized. Subsequently, innovation technologies for processing products and by-products utilization were discussed. Finally, functional components in Citrus with potential application in pharmaceutical industry were also reviewed. Therefore, depending on different cultivars in production areas, fruit sorting system after post-harvest are recommended for orange and lemon varieties. Meanwhile, the non-thermal processing technology and enzymatic digestion for de-peeling is utilized for tradition processing products, such as sweet orange and tangerine. Functional components in Citrus will be extracted and prepared to medicinal and edible food. In conclusion, new technology for storage and processing are used in Citrus to extendindustry chain, which significantly boost industry development in future.

In order to study the effects of meteorological conditions on the internal quality and appearance quality of sunflower seed kernels in Hetao Irrigation District, using the staged sowing experiment to record the development period of sunflowers, and the contents of linoleic acid and oleic acid in sunflower kernels were tested. The incidence of sunflower kernel rust spots, disease index and sunflower borer feeding rate were counted. Using Excel, the numerical relationship between the internal and external quality of sunflower kernel and meteorological conditions was analyzed. The results showed that the sowing date had obvious influence on the inner quality and appearance of sunflower. Considering these two aspects, the best sowing date should be from May 25 to June 2. When the sunshine duration from flowering to maturity was 393.3-396.4.8 h, the content of linoleic acid could be greatly increased and the content of oleic acid could be reduced. When the average relative humidity from flowering to maturity was 58%-59%, the quality of sunflower could be significantly improved. When the average temperature from flowering to maturity was 19.0-20.8℃, the inner quality and appearance of sunflower were obviously improved. Precipitation from flowering to maturity had significant effects on sunflower quality. When precipitation was 42-44 mm, the content of linoleic acid in sunflower was greatly increased. When the precipitation was 46.9 mm, the gnawing rate of moth was the lowest. Precipitation, relative humidity and water vapor pressure at flowering stage were negatively correlated with the occurrence index of sunflower rust spot. With the increase of moisture and humidity, the number of drought-fond pest thrips decreased sharply, so the incidence index of rust spot decreased.

In order to solve the inconvenience caused by the flying-catkins of kapok, different concentrations of “Yihua No.1” were carried out at the final flowering stage of kapok to study its influence on the formation and development of kapok fruit. Results showed that the application of “Yihua No.1” at the last flowering stage of kapok had a very significant effect on promoting abortion and fruit drop of kapok, and the higher the concentration of the drug, the more obvious the effect. A 3-year follow-up investigation showed that after the application of “Yihua No.1”, the sample plants appeared different degrees of trunk cracking, secreting gum, abnormal sprouting, dead branches, and weakened tree potential and so on. By the next year, the flower formation was inhibited, and some of them could not even complete flower bud differentiation. The higher the concentration, the more obvious such damage. Considering the effect of “Yihua No.1” and its adverse effects on trees, 0.5% concentration with 25 mg/cm, or 1% concentration with 12.5 mg/cm were recommended to use in production.

This study compared different methods and parameters for extracting earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme (EFE) from Eisenia fetida, analyzed the enzyme properties, and promoted the development and utilization of earthworm processing byproducts. The extraction process of EFE was studied by combining fibrin plate enzyme activity assay, dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The optimal extraction process was as follows: using dry earthworm powder as raw material, extract with 5 times the mass ratio of 10 mmol/L Tris-HCl buffer, centrifuge twice and combine the supernatants; precipitate the crude extract with 80% ammonium sulfate, concentrate with a membrane separation method with a pore size of 10k-200 kD, and limit the membrane circulation filtration to ≤50 min; freeze-dry without adding a protective agent. Under this extraction and drying process, the enzyme activity of the freeze-dried powder was 201.8 million U/g. Enzyme characterization studies revealed that the enzyme comprised six earthworm-specific proteins with molecular weights ranging from 24.7 kD to 26.3 kD. The optimal pH range for the enzyme solution is 7.2 to 8.0, with a relatively stable pH range of 7.4 to 8.8. The optimal temperature for the enzyme solution is below 50℃, and it remains stable below 60℃. After 80 days of storage at 4℃, the enzyme activity retention rate can reach 90%. The ammonium sulfate-freeze drying method can extract enzymatically stable lumbrokinase products from dried E. fetida powder. The experimental results provide a reference for the high utilization of earthworms.

In order to accurately evaluate the harvest maturity of blueberries and ensure fruit quality, the experiment selected six blueberry cultivars: ‘Northland’, ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Draper’, ‘Reka’, ‘Duke’, and ‘Blue gold’ as test materials, and used near-infrared spectroscopy to establish regression model to determine the relationship between soluble solids, titratable acids, hardness, anthocyanins, vitamin C, and absorbance difference index (I_AD value). Research had found that with fruit maturity increase, the titratable acid and hardness of blueberries significantly decreased, while the contents of soluble solids, vitamin C, and anthocyanins generally showed an upward trend. The I_AD value of blueberries showed a highly significant positive correlation with anthocyanins (r=0.90, p≤0.01) and a significant negative correlation with hardness (r=-0.82, p≤0.01). Additionally, there was a positive correlation with vitamin C and soluble solids, and a negative correlation with titratable acid. Regression equations were derived to describe the changes in the I_AD value based on the five quality indicators, demonstrating that the I_AD value can reflect the fruit maturity. The recommended harvest standards for the six main cultivars are as follows. The I_AD values of ‘Northland’ and ‘Lanjin’ are 1.9-2.0, the I_AD values of ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Draper’ are approximately 1.8, and the I_AD values of ‘Reka’ and ‘Duke’ are 1.7-1.8.

As a new protection method for agricultural disaster, new varieties of protective nets have been developed and promoted in recent years, which provide new idea for human to improve agriculture protection conditions and reduce agriculture disaster. This paper introduced the present application status of various agricultural protective nets, expounded the influence of specification parameters of protective nets on crop growth, analyzed the defects in the application of the protective nets at present, and prospected the development direction of protective nets in the future.

In order to study the impact of maximum residue limit standards for agricultural and veterinary drugs on China honey export trade, this article provides an overview of the current agricultural and veterinary drug residue limit regulations and standards in China, the European Union, the United States, Japan, and Australia, as well as the maximum residue limit standards in honey. It also compares and analyzes the relevant limit regulations and standards in China with the aforementioned countries and regions. As a result, China only has limited regulations on 6 pesticides and veterinary drugs in honey in national standards, whereas the European Union, Japan, Australia, and the United States have respectively established limits for 538, 79, 4, and 3 pesticides and veterinary drugs in their respective national standards and regulations. China industry standards have 13 MRL standards for pesticides and veterinary drugs, which have revised and supplemented the National Standard to some extent. However, compared with the standard systems of developed countries, standards for the limit of pesticide and veterinary drug residues in honey are relatively weak in China. Furthermore，There are differences in the types and quantities of MRL standards for agricultural and veterinary drugs in honey between China and other countries and regions such as the European Union, but China's standards are in line with its actual national conditions. In order to avoid the obstruction of honey export, we can refer to the standards of other countries and regions with China honey trade, and provide technical support for the revision of MRL standards for agricultural and veterinary drugs in China.

This study, based on the land use change survey data from 2018, conducted a comprehensive analysis of the agricultural land consolidation potential in 113 administrative villages of Habahe County. Through GIS spatial analysis and hierarchical analysis methods, the potential of cultivated land was measured from two dimensions: quantity and quality. The research found that the area of agricultural land consolidation in Habahe County was 34482.41 hm², of which the existing cultivated land area was 30904.50 hm². After calculation, the quantitative potential of agricultural land consolidation could increase cultivated land by 2900.05 hm², with a new cultivated land coefficient of 8.41%. Combining the local crop planting structure system, it was calculated that agricultural land consolidation could increase cultivated land productivity by 3479.28 t. This indicated that Habahe County had significant potential for agricultural land consolidation. Based on the new cultivated land coefficient and the quality of cultivated land, the consolidation potential is divided into four levels. The research results point out that farmland construction in Habahe County should be supported by improving water and road infrastructure, strengthening farmland protection, and improving soil through agricultural biotechnological measures to enhance the quality of cultivated land, increase land use efficiency, and improve the output efficiency of cultivated land. The study provides a foundation and basis for future land remediation planning in this area.

To explore the suitable amount of dry scattering PAM (polyacrylamide) to reduce the erosion sediments and maintain the stability of engineering accumulation, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/m² of PAM were dry scattered on the surface of conical loess soil engineering accumulation in the loess hilly-gully region and with no PAM as the control (CK). The effects of PAM on surface runoff, erosion sediments, rill development and soil moisture of loess soil engineering accumulation were monitored under natural rainfall conditions. The results showed that the runoff, runoff frequency and runoff coefficient of different treatments decreased first and then increased with the increase of PAM dry scattering amount. The values were the lowest when the PAM dry scattering amount was at 1.0 g/m², and were the highest when PAM dry scattering amount was at 2.5 g/m². The erosion sediments, rill erosion sediments and rill erosion coefficient decreased with the increase of PAM dry scattering amount. When PAM dry scattered at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/m², the erosion sediments, rill erosion sediments and rill erosion coefficient were significantly lower than that of CK and PAM dry scattering amount of 0.5 and 1.0 g/m². When PAM dry scattered at 1.0 g/m², the soil moisture of engineering accumulation was the highest, and when PAM dry scattered at 2.5 g/m², the soil moisture was the lowest. When PAM dry scattering amount reaches 1.5 g/m², PAM promoted the formation of runoff, reduced the erosion sediments and rill erosion coefficient, and reduced the soil moisture of loess soil engineering accumulation. To sum up, in order to reduce the erosion sediments and maintain the stability of loess soil engineering accumulation, the dry scattering amount of PAM should be about 2.0 g/m².

The study aims to optimize the extraction conditions of essential oil from Oregano by traditional steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction. The extraction parameters were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments, and the essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS. The results showed that the optimal extraction process combination of steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction was the basification of 1%, with extraction time for 1.5 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:6. Under these conditions, the extraction rates of steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction were 0.486 g /100 g and 0.608 g /100 g, respectively. There were 16 kinds of alkanes, 6 kinds of alkenes, 4 kinds of alcohols, 3 kinds of phenols and 1 kind of ketones in the oil obtained by conventional steam distillation, the contents of which accounted for 74.366%, 6.263%, 1.245%, 12.684% and 0.449%, respectively. 20 kinds of alkanes, 9 kinds of alkenes, 5 kinds of alcohols, 3 kinds of phenols and 1 kind of ketones were obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction, which accounted for 60.127%, 12.597%, 2.795%, 22.147% and 0.936%, respectively. At the same time, the types and contents of main bacteriostatic components of essential oils obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction were significantly higher than those of conventional steam distillation. The contents of thymol, cymene, γ-terpinene, carvacrol and α-hydrocene in conventional steam distillation essential oils were 8.492%, 3.286%, 2.551%, 2.143% and 0.206%, respectively. And those of simultaneous distillation-extraction were 13.925%, 5.218%, 4.509%, 4.14% and 0.36%, respectively. This study can provide reference for the production and preparation of oregano essential oil. The optimum technology obtained in this study has the high yield of essential oil, which can provide reference for the production and preparation of oregano essential oil.

On the basis of quantitative analysis of China's formula feed standards, this article summarizes the evolution of China's formula feed standards in order to provide feasible suggestions for the development of the feed industry. This article applies quantitative analysis methods and selects national and non-national standard systems for formula feed of 39 years in China from 1984 to 2023 as research samples. ROST CM6 software is used to quantitatively analyze the evolution characteristics of formula feed standards in China. Research has found that China's feed standards have gone through four peak periods of standard formulation and publication, with a focus on feed standard testing, experimental animal formula feed, formula feed nutrition standards, and formula feed hygiene standards. Non national standards have a certain degree of advancement or lag compared to national standards. At different stages, China's formulated feed standards have been continuously revised and improved from promulgation to development into the current feed standard system with Chinese characteristics.

Mikania micrantha is one of the most harmful weeds in tropical and subtropical regions, known as the "one-minute mile grass" and the title of "plant killer". With the increasing development of invasive alien plants, invasive alien plant Mikania micrantha has also become one of the hot spots of research and development at present. Transforming invasive plants into beneficial resources can not only avoid wasting a lot of manpower and material resources to control the spread of invasive plants, but also obtain product resources with better control effect. This paper summarizes the plant pesticides of Mikania micrantha in three aspects of crop pest control (fruit and vegetable crop pest, food crop pest, cash crop pest and other pests), crop virus, fungus and nematode control (pathogenic bacteria of food crop, pathogenic bacteria of vegetable crop, pathogenic bacteria of fruit, pathogenic bacteria of cash crop and nematode control) and other applications of agricultural control (herbicide, control of invasive alien organisms). Finally, the development prospect and future research direction of plant pesticides of Mikania micrantha were prospected.

Finding out the condition of soil quality is a prerequisite for ensuring national food security and developing smart agriculture. According to the characteristics of multi-point and wide distribution of farmers, it is necessary to provide regional distribution information of farmers in order to obtain soil quality information quickly and accurately. Based on the existing remote sensing inversion model of soil quality, this paper adopted ArcGIS Enterprise and other related software, and used Android mobile terminal as the platform, designed and developed soil quality (water, fertilizer, salinity and alkalinity) intelligent analysis APP for the needs of farmers. The three-layer structure of data layer, service layer and user layer was used to develop three functional modules of basic service, remote sensing inversion of soil quality and analysis and decision making, which could help farmers quickly and accurately grasp field soil quality information, and provide decision-making suggestions such as fertilization guidance and salinization treatment. The research results contributed to improving agricultural production efficiency, promoting the development of smart agriculture, which were of great significance for achieving agricultural modernization and information management.

To improve the quality of seeds, realize the standardization of seeds, and promote the increase of rapeseed yield, the effects of different drug varieties on the growth of rapeseed were explored by pelletizing coating of rapeseed seeds in this study. Among them, the effects of pelletized seed coating agent (NXY-1) and Switzerland suspension seed coating agent (SLS) coated with different drug ratios on the seedling growth of rapeseed were studied using Brassica napus 'Fan-ming No. 1' as the test material. The results showed that the optimal seed mass ratio was 1:300 in the pelletized seed coating agent NXY-1, and the pelletized seed coating agent could promote seed emergence, with the highest dry-to-fresh weight ratio before winter and full flowering stage, and the nitrogen and phosphorus content and potassium content were the highest 21 days after emergence compared with the control, which could effectively increase the contents of chlorophyll and gibberellin, and the effect was better than that of the imported seed coating agent SLS.

To understand the suitability of different preceding crops for flue-cured tobacco production in Dali tobacco planting areas, the soil samples of wheat, barley, broad bean, rape, pea, garlic and winter fallow for five years were collected from 12 tobacco planting areas in Dali, and the soil nutrient content was determined. The membership of each nutrient index was calculated by fuzzy mathematics, and the membership of soil nutrient was used to comprehensively evaluate the suitability of preceding crop for flue-cured tobacco planting in Dali. The results showed that distribution proportion and membership degree of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and water-soluble chlorine content in soil suitable for tobacco growth after planting wheat were high, while the distribution proportion and membership degree of available phosphorus and available potassium content were medium. The distribution proportion and membership degree of soil alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, available potassium, and water-soluble chlorine content suitable for tobacco growth after winter fallow were high, while the distribution proportion and membership degree of available phosphorus content were medium. The most suitable rotation mode is flue-cured tobacco and wheat and winter fallow in the Dali tobacco planting areas.

As the basis for plant growth, soil quality directly determines the success or failure of landscaping in urban areas. To understand the impact of conditioners on soil quality, we selected typical relocation site soil as the research object, and studied the impact on physical and chemical properties of the soil under different conditioners, different application methods and different time. The results showed that after applying different conditioners, each conditioner could effectively reduce the pH and increase the EC value of the relocated soil within a period of time, while the organic matter and total nitrogen of the soil had a tendency of decreasing to a certain extent, among which the decrease of Fe-S treatment was the most significant, while other treatments were not obvious; the impact of each conditioner on soil physical properties did not demonstrate clear improvement, which was mainly observed in the reduction of total soil porosity, non-capillary porosity and capillary porosity, increase of soil bulk density, decrease of soil infiltration rate, maximum water holding capacity and capillary water holding capacity. And among these treatments, M-S showed relatively poorer results; each treatment reduced the seed germination index, but the difference was not obvious, and the Fe-I treatment had poorer results than other treatments. The application of conditioner can improve the chemical properties of the soil in urban relocation site to a certain extent, but it is not obvious to improve the physical properties of the soil. Therefore, to achieve the desired effect of improving both the physical and chemical properties of the soil, it is suggested that the conditioner should be mixed with organic amendment materials.

Through the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the sample processing methods and mainstream detection methods for the detection of flue-cured tobacco leaf impurities, a set of detection schemes that fully reflect the superiority and high comprehensive performance is proposed. The 256-band hyperspectral camera was used to obtain data information, and the RGB color space was mapped by calling the RGB band, and then converted to the HSV color space for detection of green and impurity content in tobacco leaves. The HSV color gamut range of green impurity was obtained through amounts of real experimental measurements, and the number of green and impurity pixels of the tobacco leaves to be tested was accurately given, and the proportion of green and impurity pixels in the flue-cured tobacco leaves was given. The precise labeling of green and impurity pixels of the flue-cured tobacco to be tested provided a visual detection results. Combined with the RGB tobacco leaves, the algorithm of green and impurity detection had strong interpretability. Meanwhile, the execution delay of the proposed detection algorithm was about 4 s. The flue-cured tobacco leaf green impurity detection scheme not only meets the actual acquisition needs, but also has high visualization and interpretability.