In recent years, the betel nut planting industry in Hainan Province has developed rapidly. Industrial adjustment and optimization will be the focus of its future development, and a reasonable production area layout is crucial for the sustainable development of the betel nut industry in Hainan. Using regional comparative advantage index and resource endowment coefficient, this study analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of betel nut production in various cities and counties in Hainan from 2005 to 2022. The results showed that the scale of betel nut cultivation in Hainan had significantly increased, but the yield had significantly decreased. The calculated results of the comprehensive comparative advantage index and resource endowment coefficient showed strong consistency. The central regions of Qiongzhong, Ding'an, Baoting, and Tunchang had stronger comparative advantages in betel nut production, which were key areas for the production layout in Hainan. The leading advantage of traditional planting areas in the east was gradually weakening, while the overall western region lacked comparative advantages but showed a clear upward trend. The production of betel nuts in Hainan presents a pattern of retreating in the east, advancing in the west, and maintaining dominance in the center. The driving factors of spatial-temporal evolution mainly include higher economic benefits, the diffusion of high-yield cultivation and management techniques, and the spread of diseases and pests such as yellowing disease. It is recommended to reasonably adjust the layout of betel nut production, moderately control of planting scale, strengthen socialized services, clarify the regulatory policies for edible betel nut products, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the betel nut industry.

Five different tomato varieties were chosen as the experimental subjects in the Yanqi basin, and two types of cultivated land were selected as experimental sites, including selenium-enriched land with a selenium content of 0.4 mg/kg in the soil, and non-selenium-enriched land with no detectable selenium content. The objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate the selenium enrichment ability and quality of these tomato varieties in natural selenium-enriched soil, and to identify the varieties that were suitable for local cultivation. The findings would provide a theoretical foundation for the development of the selenium-enriched industry in the Yanqi basin. The results revealed that the processed tomato varieties in selenium-enriched areas met the standards for selenium-enriched agricultural products and were considered natural selenium-enriched tomatoes. The varieties ‘Tunhe 1943’, ‘Tunhe 3501’, and ‘Tunhe 5501’ exhibited strong selenium enrichment abilities, with bioconcentration factors of 6.6%, 6.6%, and 6.3%, respectively. Planting processed tomatoes in natural selenium-enriched soil improved the quality of the tomatoes, as evidenced by higher lycopene content in the selenium-enriched areas compared to the non-selenium-enriched areas. Furthermore, ‘Tunhe 3501’ and ‘Tunhe 5501’ had higher lycopene content than ‘Tunhe 1015’, ‘Tunhe 1943’ and ‘Tunhe 17’. In selenium-enriched areas, the reducing sugar content of ‘Tunhe 1943’, ‘Tunhe 3501’, and ‘Tunhe 17’ was higher than that in non-selenium-enriched areas. The total acid content of processed tomatoes in selenium-enriched areas was also higher than that in non-selenium-enriched areas. ‘Tunhe 3501’ had the highest total acid content, followed by ‘Tunhe 1943’, and ‘Tunhe 1015’ had the lowest content. A comprehensive analysis of the membership function demonstrated that ‘Tunhe 3501’ performed the best overall in natural selenium-enriched soil, followed by ‘Tunhe 1943’.

In order to solve the inconvenience caused by the flying-catkins of kapok, different concentrations of “Yihua No.1” were carried out at the final flowering stage of kapok to study its influence on the formation and development of kapok fruit. Results showed that the application of “Yihua No.1” at the last flowering stage of kapok had a very significant effect on promoting abortion and fruit drop of kapok, and the higher the concentration of the drug, the more obvious the effect. A 3-year follow-up investigation showed that after the application of “Yihua No.1”, the sample plants appeared different degrees of trunk cracking, secreting gum, abnormal sprouting, dead branches, and weakened tree potential and so on. By the next year, the flower formation was inhibited, and some of them could not even complete flower bud differentiation. The higher the concentration, the more obvious such damage. Considering the effect of “Yihua No.1” and its adverse effects on trees, 0.5% concentration with 25 mg/cm, or 1% concentration with 12.5 mg/cm were recommended to use in production.

To clarify the use of plant growth regulators in peanut production, we collected statistics on the types of regulators currently valid for registration in peanuts by querying the China Pesticide Information Network, and inquired about the maximum residue limits and detection methods of regulators in peanuts in the national food safety standard Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food (GB 2763—2021). The toxicity of regulators mainly used in peanut productionwas analyzed to provide opinions and suggestions for the formulation and revision of relevant standards in the next step. And it also provided reference for the high-quality development of the peanut industry’s export earnings, enhanced the international competitiveness of China’s peanut industry, and ensured the healthy and sustainable development of China’s peanut industry.

Citrus is the largest category of fruit in China, which is widely planted and has many cultivars for fresh fruit market. To extend shelf life, promote intensive processing, improve enterprise’s benefit, current research progresses related to fruit storage and processing have been reviewed. At first, new preservation technologies applied in Citrus fruits’ storage were summarized. Subsequently, innovation technologies for processing products and by-products utilization were discussed. Finally, functional components in Citrus with potential application in pharmaceutical industry were also reviewed. Therefore, depending on different cultivars in production areas, fruit sorting system after post-harvest are recommended for orange and lemon varieties. Meanwhile, the non-thermal processing technology and enzymatic digestion for de-peeling is utilized for tradition processing products, such as sweet orange and tangerine. Functional components in Citrus will be extracted and prepared to medicinal and edible food. In conclusion, new technology for storage and processing are used in Citrus to extendindustry chain, which significantly boost industry development in future.

To improve the quality of seeds, realize the standardization of seeds, and promote the increase of rapeseed yield, the effects of different drug varieties on the growth of rapeseed were explored by pelletizing coating of rapeseed seeds in this study. Among them, the effects of pelletized seed coating agent (NXY-1) and Switzerland suspension seed coating agent (SLS) coated with different drug ratios on the seedling growth of rapeseed were studied using Brassica napus 'Fan-ming No. 1' as the test material. The results showed that the optimal seed mass ratio was 1:300 in the pelletized seed coating agent NXY-1, and the pelletized seed coating agent could promote seed emergence, with the highest dry-to-fresh weight ratio before winter and full flowering stage, and the nitrogen and phosphorus content and potassium content were the highest 21 days after emergence compared with the control, which could effectively increase the contents of chlorophyll and gibberellin, and the effect was better than that of the imported seed coating agent SLS.

Intelligent identification technology is a technology to recognize, judge and simulate images and videos by simulating the visual performance and thinking model of mankind. This paper listed the latest research of computer vision and intelligent identification technology in automatic grading of flue-cured tobacco from image and near infrared spectrum acquisition, feature extraction and intelligent identification model, summarized the advantages and disadvantages of different intelligent identification model. At last, we put forward the robustness and accuracy of defect in identification model, and the application of intelligent recognition and multi-dimensional characteristic data fusion in tobacco grade determination would be the future research direction.

In order to understand the main characters of different varieties of cucumber and provide scientific basis for the sustainable development of cucumber industry in Yantai, a field experiment was conducted to compare the characters and yields of plants, leaves and fruits of three varieties of cucumber in Yantai, and to measure and analyze the nutrients in the fruits and evaluate the sensory quality. The three varieties of Yantai cucumber have their own characteristics, ‘Newly Improved Yantai Cucumber’ has the highest yield and vitamin C content, ‘Laizhou Green Cucumber’ has the highest single melon weight, and ‘Haiyang White Cucumber’ has the most popular sensory quality. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the breeding and improvement of cucumber varieties, and emphasize the importance of considering disease resistance in subsequent research.

To explore the suitable amount of dry scattering PAM (polyacrylamide) to reduce the erosion sediments and maintain the stability of engineering accumulation, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/m² of PAM were dry scattered on the surface of conical loess soil engineering accumulation in the loess hilly-gully region and with no PAM as the control (CK). The effects of PAM on surface runoff, erosion sediments, rill development and soil moisture of loess soil engineering accumulation were monitored under natural rainfall conditions. The results showed that the runoff, runoff frequency and runoff coefficient of different treatments decreased first and then increased with the increase of PAM dry scattering amount. The values were the lowest when the PAM dry scattering amount was at 1.0 g/m², and were the highest when PAM dry scattering amount was at 2.5 g/m². The erosion sediments, rill erosion sediments and rill erosion coefficient decreased with the increase of PAM dry scattering amount. When PAM dry scattered at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/m², the erosion sediments, rill erosion sediments and rill erosion coefficient were significantly lower than that of CK and PAM dry scattering amount of 0.5 and 1.0 g/m². When PAM dry scattered at 1.0 g/m², the soil moisture of engineering accumulation was the highest, and when PAM dry scattered at 2.5 g/m², the soil moisture was the lowest. When PAM dry scattering amount reaches 1.5 g/m², PAM promoted the formation of runoff, reduced the erosion sediments and rill erosion coefficient, and reduced the soil moisture of loess soil engineering accumulation. To sum up, in order to reduce the erosion sediments and maintain the stability of loess soil engineering accumulation, the dry scattering amount of PAM should be about 2.0 g/m².

Mikania micrantha is one of the most harmful weeds in tropical and subtropical regions, known as the "one-minute mile grass" and the title of "plant killer". With the increasing development of invasive alien plants, invasive alien plant Mikania micrantha has also become one of the hot spots of research and development at present. Transforming invasive plants into beneficial resources can not only avoid wasting a lot of manpower and material resources to control the spread of invasive plants, but also obtain product resources with better control effect. This paper summarizes the plant pesticides of Mikania micrantha in three aspects of crop pest control (fruit and vegetable crop pest, food crop pest, cash crop pest and other pests), crop virus, fungus and nematode control (pathogenic bacteria of food crop, pathogenic bacteria of vegetable crop, pathogenic bacteria of fruit, pathogenic bacteria of cash crop and nematode control) and other applications of agricultural control (herbicide, control of invasive alien organisms). Finally, the development prospect and future research direction of plant pesticides of Mikania micrantha were prospected.

The research aimed to explore the effects of different types of plant growth regulators and their concentration differences on the growth of spring tea shoots and tea quality, in order to provide theoretical support for high-quality and efficient spring tea production in Taishan tea area. With ‘Yujinxiang’ tea as test material, the changes and differences of chlorophyll content, leaf area, shoot length, 100-bud weight, bud density, unit yield and quality indexes of tea leaves were investigated and analyzed by different concentrations of gibberellin and Bihu growth regulator in the early stage of spring tea germination. The results showed that the effects of different plant growth regulators on the growth and quality of spring tea shoots were different. (1) Under the treatment of high concentration (75 mg/L) of gibberellin, the chlorophyll content was the highest, and the shoot length, leaf area, 100-bud weight and bud density were the most significant, but the contents of caffeine, total ash and tea polyphenols were also relatively high. (2) The effects of medium and low concentration (50, 25 mg/L) of gibberellin on the growth and quality indexes of tea shoots were lower than those of high concentration gibberellin treatment. (3) Under the treatment of plant growth regulator Bihu, which is frequently used in current production, it had a significant promoting effect on shoot length and leaf area, but it had a certain reducing effect on 100-bud weight and bud density. At the same time, it could promote the content of free amino acids and tea polyphenols, and reduce the content of caffeine and total ash, and the quality index was better. In the process of tea production, although the selection of gibberellin can increase the yield, it is not conducive to maintaining the quality of tea, while Bihu is conducive to the formation of tea quality, but it has little effect on increasing the yield. Therefore, in order to obtain high-quality and high-yield tea products, spraying plant growth regulators cannot be used as a single adjustment method.

On the basis of quantitative analysis of China's formula feed standards, this article summarizes the evolution of China's formula feed standards in order to provide feasible suggestions for the development of the feed industry. This article applies quantitative analysis methods and selects national and non-national standard systems for formula feed of 39 years in China from 1984 to 2023 as research samples. ROST CM6 software is used to quantitatively analyze the evolution characteristics of formula feed standards in China. Research has found that China's feed standards have gone through four peak periods of standard formulation and publication, with a focus on feed standard testing, experimental animal formula feed, formula feed nutrition standards, and formula feed hygiene standards. Non national standards have a certain degree of advancement or lag compared to national standards. At different stages, China's formulated feed standards have been continuously revised and improved from promulgation to development into the current feed standard system with Chinese characteristics.

To understand the suitability of different preceding crops for flue-cured tobacco production in Dali tobacco planting areas, the soil samples of wheat, barley, broad bean, rape, pea, garlic and winter fallow for five years were collected from 12 tobacco planting areas in Dali, and the soil nutrient content was determined. The membership of each nutrient index was calculated by fuzzy mathematics, and the membership of soil nutrient was used to comprehensively evaluate the suitability of preceding crop for flue-cured tobacco planting in Dali. The results showed that distribution proportion and membership degree of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and water-soluble chlorine content in soil suitable for tobacco growth after planting wheat were high, while the distribution proportion and membership degree of available phosphorus and available potassium content were medium. The distribution proportion and membership degree of soil alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, available potassium, and water-soluble chlorine content suitable for tobacco growth after winter fallow were high, while the distribution proportion and membership degree of available phosphorus content were medium. The most suitable rotation mode is flue-cured tobacco and wheat and winter fallow in the Dali tobacco planting areas.

To study the hereditary law of important characters of Cymbidium and provide references for parents’ selection and new varieties breeding, the traits of crossing F₁ generation from Cym. ‘Gohho No Shinpi’ with Cym. ‘Peace in the World’ were analyzed. The quantitative characters and qualitative indicators of parents and hybrid offspring were observed and statically analyzed. The results indicated that overall plant type of F₁ generation tended towards the higher numerical value of the parent. The peduncle length and number of arrows showed positive heterosis advantage. The average value of inflorescence length and flowers were close to the paternal mean. The average value of flower diameter, petal length, petal width, calyx length, and calyx width were between those of the parents and closer to the paternal mean. Most of flower types were round, with petals resembling lotus petals. The flower color trait showed a relatively wide separation, forming a gradient of fusion from the maternal yellow to the paternal green, along with a small number of red and white colors. The parental petal pattern was solid, but the offspring were separated and appeared red. The flower color and petal pattern were superimposed, which were significantly different from the parents. The base color of the lip was related to the flower color, and the separation rule was the same as the flower color. The overall inheritance of lip spots was from the maternal parent, and the distribution of lip spots combined the characteristics of both parents, with 38.3% being closer to the maternal parent and 15.0% being closer to the paternal parent, while the remaining 46.7% were a fusion of both parents. All lip spot colors showed variation in depth, width, and degree of fusion. The variation coefficients of plant phenotypic traits ranged from 10.34%-18.66%, and the coefficients of flower type-related phenotypic traits ranged from 12.57%-35.62%. In conclusion, the variation of F₁ generation was rich, and the heterosis of plant type and flower arrow morphology showed positive super-parent heterosis. In flower color heredity, lip spot color and distribution were based on female parent and gradually changed to male parent fusion gradient, and the flower type was between parents and tended to male parent. This research could supply reference for directed breeding of certain plant types and floral traits.

This study aims to explore the logic behind the integrated development of agriculture, forestry, culture, tourism and health industries in Shanxi Province. Taking the Wutai Mountain Scenic Area as an example, an evaluation system was constructed, and entropy weight TOPSIS model and coupling coordination degree model were applied to assess its level of development and the extent of coupling and coordination from 2018 to 2022. The results show that Wutai Mountain takes agriculture and forestry as the starting point, landscape as the background, ecology as the foundation, culture as the soul, health care as the carrier, tourism as the link, and new quality productive forces enabling industrial integration. Affected by the epidemic, the change of tourist arrivals and income fluctuated greatly. In 2022, the C value of the industry integration of agriculture, forestry, culture, tourism and recreation in Wutai Mountain was 0.664, indicating the highest development level. All development aspects show the economic level > ecological level > social level > cultural level, but also need to focus on the social and cultural aspects. The degree of coupling coordination in 2021 and 2022 was good coordination. Development optimization paths, such as improving industrial quality, enriching product formats, expanding marketing models, revitalizing stock assets, strengthening scientific and technological support and cohesion of industrial integration are put forward. This study provides an evaluation system and scientific basis for the integrated development of agriculture, forestry, culture, tourism and health industries.

In order to study the effects of meteorological conditions on the internal quality and appearance quality of sunflower seed kernels in Hetao Irrigation District, using the staged sowing experiment to record the development period of sunflowers, and the contents of linoleic acid and oleic acid in sunflower kernels were tested. The incidence of sunflower kernel rust spots, disease index and sunflower borer feeding rate were counted. Using Excel, the numerical relationship between the internal and external quality of sunflower kernel and meteorological conditions was analyzed. The results showed that the sowing date had obvious influence on the inner quality and appearance of sunflower. Considering these two aspects, the best sowing date should be from May 25 to June 2. When the sunshine duration from flowering to maturity was 393.3-396.4.8 h, the content of linoleic acid could be greatly increased and the content of oleic acid could be reduced. When the average relative humidity from flowering to maturity was 58%-59%, the quality of sunflower could be significantly improved. When the average temperature from flowering to maturity was 19.0-20.8℃, the inner quality and appearance of sunflower were obviously improved. Precipitation from flowering to maturity had significant effects on sunflower quality. When precipitation was 42-44 mm, the content of linoleic acid in sunflower was greatly increased. When the precipitation was 46.9 mm, the gnawing rate of moth was the lowest. Precipitation, relative humidity and water vapor pressure at flowering stage were negatively correlated with the occurrence index of sunflower rust spot. With the increase of moisture and humidity, the number of drought-fond pest thrips decreased sharply, so the incidence index of rust spot decreased.

In order to accurately evaluate the harvest maturity of blueberries and ensure fruit quality, the experiment selected six blueberry cultivars: ‘Northland’, ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Draper’, ‘Reka’, ‘Duke’, and ‘Blue gold’ as test materials, and used near-infrared spectroscopy to establish regression model to determine the relationship between soluble solids, titratable acids, hardness, anthocyanins, vitamin C, and absorbance difference index (I_AD value). Research had found that with fruit maturity increase, the titratable acid and hardness of blueberries significantly decreased, while the contents of soluble solids, vitamin C, and anthocyanins generally showed an upward trend. The I_AD value of blueberries showed a highly significant positive correlation with anthocyanins (r=0.90, p≤0.01) and a significant negative correlation with hardness (r=-0.82, p≤0.01). Additionally, there was a positive correlation with vitamin C and soluble solids, and a negative correlation with titratable acid. Regression equations were derived to describe the changes in the I_AD value based on the five quality indicators, demonstrating that the I_AD value can reflect the fruit maturity. The recommended harvest standards for the six main cultivars are as follows. The I_AD values of ‘Northland’ and ‘Lanjin’ are 1.9-2.0, the I_AD values of ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Draper’ are approximately 1.8, and the I_AD values of ‘Reka’ and ‘Duke’ are 1.7-1.8.

To explore the effects of densification on the distribution of light andnitrogen, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and output value of flue-cured tobacco canopy in Shaoguan tobacco-growing area, four densities (M₁:10500 plants/hm², M₂:13500 plants/hm², M₃:16500 plants/hm², M₄:19500 plants /hm²) of ‘Yueyan 97’ were set to determine the light resources and nitrogen distribution, pigment content, dry matter accumulation and economic properties of different canopy. The results showed that with the increase of density, the light transmittal rate of different canopy decreased and the chlorophyll content was increased. Compared with M₁ treatment, the upper leaf chlorophyll of M₄ treatment increased by 26.31% at 80d, and the increase of Chlb was greater than that of Chla. Photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen are important indexes of crop carbon and nitrogen metabolism. As density increased, photosynthetic rate of tobacco plant decreased, compared with M₁ treatment, the upper leaves of M₄ treatment decreased by 32.16% to 35.83%. The Ci, Tr and Gs increased first and then decreased, while nitrogen concentration showed a decreasing trend, but there was no significant difference between middle and upper leaves of M₄, M₃ and M₂ treatment at different periods. When the density was 16500 plants/hm², the dry matter accumulation in leaf organs of ‘Yueyan 97’ reached the maximum, and the highest yield and economic benefit were obtained. Compared with the density of 10500 plants/hm², the yield and output value were significantly increased. Reasonable dense planting of ‘Yueyan 97’ could resist the decline of photosynthetic rate under weak light stress by reducing chlorophyll degradation and improving nitrogen distribution in middle and upper leaves, promoted the dry matter accumulation ability of tobacco plant population, and obtained higher tobacco yield and output value.

As a new protection method for agricultural disaster, new varieties of protective nets have been developed and promoted in recent years, which provide new idea for human to improve agriculture protection conditions and reduce agriculture disaster. This paper introduced the present application status of various agricultural protective nets, expounded the influence of specification parameters of protective nets on crop growth, analyzed the defects in the application of the protective nets at present, and prospected the development direction of protective nets in the future.

Using blueberry ‘Eureka’ as experimental material, the effects of five light quality treatment combinations on blueberry fruit quality were studied to provide theoretical basis for scientific production. The results showed that, compared with the control, the single fruit weight, vertical and horizontal diameter, total anthocyanin and total flavonol content of treatment T2 (the light intensity is 28 μmol/(m²·s), and the spectrum is red: blue light=5:1, single power 27 W, length 1220 mm lamp is placed side by side at 30 cm at the top of blueberry plant) were the highest, which were higher than those of the control (no lamp tube), but the difference was not significant. The solid-acid ratio and sugar-acid ratio of treatment T₄ (the light intensity is 21 μmol/(m²·s) and the spectrum is red: blue light=1.4:1, single power 16 W, length 1080 mm lamp is placed side by side at the top 30 cm of blueberry plant) were significantly higher than those of the control, the content of total acid (citric acid, malic acid, shikimic acid) was significantly lower than that of the control, and the hardness and soluble solids content of treatment T₄ were the highest, higher than that of the control, but the difference was not significant. The total sugar content (glucose, fructose, sucrose) of treatment T₅ (The light intensity is 21 μmol/(m²·s), and the spectrum is red: blue light=1.4:1, single power 16 W, length 1080 mm, two rows side by side at the top 30 cm of the blueberry plant, and one row of lights at the bottom (along the blueberry basin). was the highest, which was significantly higher than that of the control. The comprehensive score of treatment T₄ was the highest. Treatment T₄ had the best effect on improving the fruit quality of blueberry, that is side by side at the distance from the 30 cm at the top of the blueberry plant, two rows of lamps with a light intensity of 21 μmol/(m²·s), and a spectrum of red light: blue light=1.4:1, single power 16 W, length 1080 mm.