从稻蛙复合种养生态系统的构成、要素以及要素间关系探讨稻蛙复合种养生态学原理。从“稻和蛙”的资源要素、稻蛙复合种养的功能及机理等方面综述当前的研究进展。简述了稻蛙复合种养的技术模式，从经济、社会和生态效益角度对稻蛙复合种养产业进行系统分析。重点分析和讨论了农药对蛙的影响、蛙药对稻田生态系统的影响，饲料和肥料分别对稻田生态系统和蛙的影响。最后从西南山区蛙品种的适应性、稻蛙耦合效果、稻蛙复合种养产投比等角度阐述了西南山区稻蛙复合种养产业面临的问题，并提出了解决对策。

为探讨连年规模化稻鸭共养对稻田土壤性状、水稻产量及品质的影响,设置连续10年（2010—2019年）大田规模化稻鸭共养和常规水稻高产栽培的2组处理,调查研究了稻田土壤养分含量、水稻产量结构、稻米品质、重金属含量以及农药残留等指标,进行对比试验。结果表明：与常规水稻种植相比,多年稻鸭共养后土壤容重降低5.65%,0~10 cm耕层土壤中有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别增加了8.71%、14.29%、9.68%和8.34%,提升了稻田土壤肥力;稻鸭共养的水稻穗粒数、结实率和千粒重分别提高了11.3%、2.9%和3.2%,有利于形成大穗,但有效穗减少使水稻产量降低16.4%;稻鸭田稻米的糙米率和精米率分别提高了4.8%和3.6%,垩白粒率和垩白度显著下降,蛋白质含量提高7.5%,直链淀粉含量和胶稠度与常规田差异不显著,总体来说稻米品质得到了改善;稻鸭田土壤重金属元素含量及稻米中重金属元素含量、农药残留均符合绿色标准。因此,连年稻鸭共养能够改善土壤性状,提高土壤肥力,提升稻米品质,但有效穗的减少使水稻产量显著降低。

The integration of ducks into rice farming has raised concerns about possible effects on arthropod communities due to frequent predation by ducks. This paper conducted a study using three treatments, including integrated rice-duck cultivation (RD), conventional rice cultivation (CC) and a control treatment (CK), to investigate the impact of rice-duck farming on the diversity of arthropod communities in the field. The results revealed that arthropod numbers in both RD and CC treatments showed varying degrees of reduction when compared with the CK treatment. Arthropod individual numbers, Simpson (<em>D</em>) and Shannon&rsquo;s diversity index (<em>H</em>' ) values in RD were higher than those in CC. Arthropod individual numbers, richness index (<em>R</em>), <em>D</em> and <em>H</em>' values in both tillering and booting phases of the late rice were significantly higher in RD treatment than those in CC treatment. Rice-duck integration system was favorable for the maintenance of arthropod diversity in the cropping field and may help to lessen the decline in abundance and diversity of rice farmland arthropods caused by the utilization of chemical pesticides and fertilizers.

为了探讨稻蛙生态种养对水稻试验田土壤养分供给与微生物作用之间的关系,以施用化肥与农药的稻田为对照,分别对稻蛙种养的试验田和对照田在水稻种植后的不同时期的土壤微生物数量、微生物活度、酸性磷酸酶活性和无机磷含量进行检测。结果表明,青蛙养殖后,试验田的细菌、放线菌和真菌数量随着养殖时间延长而增加,并在养殖青蛙6090 d后,土壤微生物数量、活度、酸性磷酸酶活性和无机磷含量显著高于对照田。此外,稻田土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌的优势种也向利于土壤营养循环的方向发生改变。因此,稻蛙生态种养可增加土壤微生物数量,提高微生物活度,提高巨大芽孢杆菌数量以及酸性磷酸酶活性,促进难溶性的磷向可溶性磷的转化,从面提高试验田土壤磷的供应能力。稻蛙生态种养为稻田的高效利用提供了一种新模式。

为探明稻蛙种养对稻田主要土壤酶活性及养分含量的影响,本研究测定了稻田中套养虎纹蛙后不同种养殖时期稻田土壤酶活性及主要养分(N、P和K)含量的变化,并以施用化肥的稻田为对照。结果表明,在虎纹蛙养殖10~90 d内,试验田的过氧化氢酶活性持续下降,而脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和中性磷酸酶活性均持续增加;对照田的过氧化氢酶活性则呈先上升后下降的趋势,而脲酶活性不断下降;在试验田和对照田中,转化酶均呈先升后降的趋势,脱氢酶活性均持续增加;碱性磷酸酶活性均持续下降。在虎纹蛙养殖前10 d到养殖后60 d,试验田与对照田的碱性磷酸酶活性均呈下降的趋势,且两者间无显著性差异(P&#x0003E;0.05),只有在养殖90 d后,试验田的碱性磷酸酶活性明显增加且显著高于对照田(P&#x0003C;0.05);在虎纹蛙养殖10~60 d内,试验田的总N、P和K含量均显著低于对照田(P&#x0003C;0.05),90 d后才显著高于对照田(P&#x0003C;0.05);同时,在虎纹蛙养殖前60 d,试验田的多种土壤酶活性和主要养分含量均显著低于对照田(P&#x0003C;0.05)。由此可知,只有在虎纹蛙养殖90 d后,随着蛙粪积累增多,土壤酶活性和主要养分才得到显著提高,增加了试验田养分的供给。本研究结果为稻蛙种养的养分管理提供了新的理论指导。

Introducing frogs into paddy fields can control pests and diseases, and organic farming can improve soil fertility and rice growth. The aim of this 2-year field study was compare the yield and elemental composition of rice between an organic farming system including frogs (ORF) and a conventional rice culture system (CR). The grain yields were almost the same in the ORF system and the CR system. The ORF significantly increased the contents of phosphorus (P), ion (Fe), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) in rice grain at one or both years. However, the ORF system decreased the calcium (Ca) content in grice grains, and increased the concentration of cadmium, which is potentially toxic. A principal components analysis showed the main impacts of ORF agro-ecosystem on the rice grain ionome was to increase the concentration of P and trace metal(loid)s. The results showed that the ORF system is an ecologically, friendly strategy to avoid excessive use of chemical fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides without decreasing yields, and to improve the nutritional status of rice by increasing the micronutrient contents. The potential risks of increasing Cd contents in rice grain should be addressed if this cultivation pattern is used in the long term.