Research Progress on Biocontrol Microorganisms Against Phytophthora nicotianae

HAOHaohao, ZHANGYuwei, TANGPeipei, LIXiang, WUJunlin, LIUZiqi, MIAOSen, LUPeng, JIAWei, DANGBingjun

Journal of Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5) : 41-47.

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Journal of Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5) : 41-47. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0041

Research Progress on Biocontrol Microorganisms Against Phytophthora nicotianae

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Abstract

This paper described the research progress of biocontrol microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) and their main mechanisms for the biocontrol of microbial plant pathogens. Meanwhile, this paper also briefly described the symptoms, pathogenesis, and influencing factors of tobacco black shank disease. Based on the current progress of biocontrol microorganisms to prevent and control tobacco black shank disease, this paper suggested future research directions such as broadening the screening scope of biocontrol microorganisms, delving into the molecular mechanisms of biocontrol microorganisms, utilizing genetic engineering technology to enhance biocontrol microorganisms. Moreover, the possibility of combining biocontrol microorganisms with new materials such as nanomaterials was discussed in order to achieve better prevention and control effects.

Key words

tobacco black shank / Phytophthora nicotianae / biological control / biocontrol bacteria / biocontrol fungus

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HAO Haohao , ZHANG Yuwei , TANG Peipei , et al . Research Progress on Biocontrol Microorganisms Against Phytophthora nicotianae[J]. Journal of Agriculture. 2025, 15(5): 41-47 https://doi.org/10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0041

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为获得对烟草黑胫病和根黑腐病具有双重防病效果且能够促进烟草生长的假单胞杆菌,采用稀释涂布法从40份土壤样品中分离出201株细菌,通过平板对峙和含毒介质法,筛选出对烟草黑胫病和烟草根黑腐病病原菌均具有良好拮抗作用的菌株PA2101和PG3402。盆栽促生试验表明,菌株PA2101和PG3402能协调地改善烟草地上部分的生长和烟草根系发育,均在一定程度上增加了烟草的株高、叶面积、株鲜重、根鲜重、叶片数和根长,提高了烟草的根冠比和根活力。盆栽试验结果表明,菌株PA2101对烟草黑胫病和根黑腐病的防效分别为70.11%和62.67%,均高于其对照药剂;菌株PG3402对两种病害的防效分别为60.92%和60.00%,与对照药剂相当。抗性标记菌株的定殖试验结果表明,菌株PA2101和PG3402在接种后第29 d能定殖于烟草根际土壤和根内,在烟草茎和叶内也能长时间存在,表明两菌株能够良好定殖。16S rDNA序列、菌落形态和生理生化性状分析表明,菌株PA2101为铜绿假单胞杆菌Pseudomonasaeruginosa,菌株PG3402为格拉纳达假单胞杆菌Pseudomonas granadensis。综上所述,菌株PA2101和PG3402对烟草具有良好的促生作用,并对烟草黑胫病和根黑腐病有较好的防病效果,是具有生防潜力的菌株。
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烟草黑胫病是一种由烟草疫霉菌引起的烟草上重要的毁灭性病害,严重威胁了烟草行业的绿色可持续发展。当前国内外在烟草黑胫病生物防治方面取得了较大的研究进展。本文综述了烟草黑胫病的生防微生物(细菌、真菌、放线菌)和植物源杀菌活性物质及其生防机理,讨论了全球变暖背景下防治中存在的主要问题并进行了展望。
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