In order to understand the development trend of irrigated wheat breeding in southern Shanxi Province, agronomic characters of 41 wheat lines in regional trial in southern Shanxi from 2012 to 2014 were analyzed by comparison analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis methods. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of spike length was the highest, 9.61%. The variation coefficient of three factors of yield showed the number of effective spikes>1000-grain weight>grains per spike. Multiple comparative analysis showed that there were extremely significant differences in yield among the years, but T test of the agronomic characters between the trial wheat lines and CK had no significant difference. The correlation analysis showed that the yield was extremely and significantly positive correlated with the basic seedling, the number of effective spikes and growth period, and was significantly positive correlated with grains per spike. Path analysis showed that the number of effective spikes, grains per spike and 1000- grain weight had a greater direct contribution to the yield, and grain number per spike was the largest contributor in the comprehensive effect. According to the analysis results and ecological conditions in southern Shanxi Province, grain number per spike was the main factor affecting the wheat yield. The wheat line which had more grain number per spike and stable improvement of 1000- grain weight should be the breakthrough point in wheat breeding process of southern Shanxi.