Cassava breeding has been the key task in the cassava consortium; and polyploid breeding provides an important way for the germplasm innovation and breeding of cassava. This paper briefly reviewed the progress of cassava polyploidy breeding at home and abroad. Some factors, such as the methods of inducing polyploidy by colchicines, the identification of polyploid, the techniques of dissolving chimeras, were emphatically summarized. The problems existed and the potential focuses were also discussed here.