In order to reveal the growth status of Caragana microphylla which were lack of nutrient management in the loess hilly region of northwest Shanxi, the effect of age sequence on the rhizosphere soil nutrient and enzyme activity of Caragana microphylla shrub was studied. The results showed that: the absolute growth rate of dry was maximum in the 10-20 a, began to decrease in 20-30 a, turn to negative growth in 30-40 a; age sequence had no significant effect on soil pH; the organic matter and total nitrogen content of soil had a significant enrichment to rhizosphere region in all shrubs, and age sequence didn’t have obvious effect on it. There was not significant nutrient consumption phenomenon with increasing growth years; the enrichment of phosphorus to rhizosphere region was not obvious in short-term but obvious in longer-term; the available K content of soil went down by years, and rhizosphere effect was obvious, especial in 30 a. The soil enzyme activities of shrub showed a certain stage, rapid growth in 5-10 a, slowly increase in 10-20 a, gradually decreased in 20-30 a. So it was suggested 30 years microphylla should be mowed stubble timely to keep the sustainable use.