Brine resources are widely present in salt lakes， groundwater， and seawater. They are rich in many valuable elements such as lithium， potassium， magnesium， and boron， and thus possess significant economic value. With the rapid development of the new energy industry， especially the sharp increase in the demand for lithium resources， the comprehensive utilization of brine resources has become crucial for ensuring the sustainable supply of resources and promoting green development. However， traditional brine treatment methods， such as evaporation crystallization and chemical precipitation， have problems like high energy consumption， low separation precision， and environmental pollution. There is an urgent need for more efficient and environmentally friendly technical means. As a separation technology based on ion exchange membranes and the action of an electric field， electrodialysis technology has remarkable advantages such as high efficiency， energy conservation， and environmental friendliness， and has gradually become an important technology in brine resource treatment. This article introduces the principles of electrodialysis technology， including the working mechanisms of anion and cation membranes and bipolar membranes. By combining application cases， it explores the research progress of electrodialysis technology in the comprehensive utilization of brine resources. In terms of separation and extraction， this technology has a remarkable effect on the separation and extraction of elements such as lithium， boron， and potassium. It has outstanding advantages， especially in the extraction of lithium from brine with a high magnesium - to - lithium ratio. In the concentration process， it can achieve brine concentration with low energy consumption. In product processing， it can improve product purity and optimize the production process. Although electrodialysis technology has achieved remarkable results in the laboratory and pilot - scale stages， it still faces challenges such as the durability of membrane materials and equipment costs in large - scale industrial applications. In the future， electrodialysis technology is expected to develop synergistically with other technologies. Differentiated technical solutions will be developed according to the characteristics of different brine resources to achieve the full - component utilization of brine resources and promote the sustainable development of related industries.