Synthesis and Application of Water-Soluble D-A-D Type Near Infrared Two-Region Fluorescent Molecules

Yongzhen Chu; Pengfei Sun; Quli Fan

doi:10.7536/PC20250210

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Prog Chem ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10) : 1555-1568. DOI: 10.7536/PC20250210

Review

Synthesis and Application of Water-Soluble D-A-D Type Near Infrared Two-Region Fluorescent Molecules

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Abstract

D-A-D molecule refers to a class of conjugated structure molecules composed of an electron donor and an electron acceptor. The NIR two-region fluorescence imaging dominated by such molecules has the advantages of good penetration effect and high imaging clarity. It has high application potential in clinical diagnosis. However， such molecules usually contain conjugated benzene ring structures. This means that the water solubility of these molecules is not good， which greatly limits the wider application of NIR-Ⅱregion fluorescence imaging. In recent years， D-A-D molecules have usually been modified to improve their water solubility. This review introduces four methods to improve water solubility by end-modified hydrophilic polyethylene glycol， modified other hydrophilic polymer chains， modified by protein or peptide， and end-ionized modification. The design methods and related applications of water-soluble D-A-D molecules are introduced in detail. Finally， the further development of water-soluble D-A-D small molecules in the field of NIR-Ⅱ region fluorescence imaging is prospect.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 PEG

2.1 Simple modified type

2.2 Targeted imaging

2.3 Drug-carrying

3 Polymer

3.1 Imaging

3.2 Drug-carrying and therapy

4 Protein， peptide

4.1 Targeted imaging

4.2 Therapy

5 Ionize

5.1 Imaging

5.2 Therapy

6 Conclusion and outlook

Key words

second near-infrared window fluorecence imaging / water solubility / D-A-D conjugated molecules / bio-imaging

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Yongzhen Chu , Pengfei Sun , Quli Fan. Synthesis and Application of Water-Soluble D-A-D Type Near Infrared Two-Region Fluorescent Molecules[J]. Progress in Chemistry. 2025, 37(10): 1555-1568 https://doi.org/10.7536/PC20250210

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