Applications and Challenges of Advanced Characterization Techniques in All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Battery Cathodes

Jiawei Li, Guobao Xu

Prog Chem ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (12) : 1846-1865.

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Prog Chem ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (12) : 1846-1865. DOI: 10.7536/PC20250515
Review

Applications and Challenges of Advanced Characterization Techniques in All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Battery Cathodes

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Abstract

All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) are regarded as one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems due to their ultrahigh theoretical energy density (2600 Wh/kg) and enhanced safety. Current bottleneck issues primarily stem from the sluggish redox kinetics and mechanical degradation of sulfur-based cathodes in solid-state systems. Therefore, developing advanced characterization techniques to elucidate the behavior of sulfur cathodes in solid-state configurations is crucial for optimizing battery design and enhancing performance. This review summarizes recent research progress in advanced characterization technologies for cathode development in all-solid-state Li-S batteries. Through representative case studies, it comprehensively explores how X-ray, electron, optical, and other emerging techniques reveal the sluggish kinetics and degradation mechanisms of sulfur-based cathodes, providing guidance for high-performance cathode design. Finally, the article prospects future development directions of characterization technologies in solid-state Li-S battery cathodes and summarizes current challenges, offering valuable insights and references for future research endeavors.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 X-Ray related techniques

2.1 XRD

2.2 XAS

2.3 XPS

3 Electron related techniques

3.1 SEM

3.2 TEM

4 Optical related techniques

4.1 Raman

4.2 FTIR

5 Other emerging characterization techniques

5.1 AFM

5.2 TOF-SIMS

5.3 Neutron related techniques

5.4 XCT

6 Conclusion and outlook

Key words

all-solid-state lithium-sulfur battery cathode / advanced characterization techniques / reaction kinetics / mechanical degradation mechanism

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Jiawei Li , Guobao Xu. Applications and Challenges of Advanced Characterization Techniques in All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Battery Cathodes[J]. Progress in Chemistry. 2025, 37(12): 1846-1865 https://doi.org/10.7536/PC20250515

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Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China(12002294)
Department of Education Project of Hunan Province(23B0160)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(12074327)
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