Hydrogen Production via Seawater Electrolysis： Current Advances and Future Perspectives on Process Optimization and System Integration

Dongyi Liu; Miaoting Sun; Yang Yu; Jiaxiang Chen; Yanting Zhou; Xingxing Wang; Wei Zhou

doi:10.7536/PC20250519

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Prog Chem ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (12) : 1877-1901. DOI: 10.7536/PC20250519

Review

Hydrogen Production via Seawater Electrolysis： Current Advances and Future Perspectives on Process Optimization and System Integration

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Abstract

As a clean and efficient secondary energy source， hydrogen energy represents a strategic pillar for future energy transition， capable of replacing fossil fuels to achieve deep decarbonization in industries， transportation， and other sectors. In recent years， seawater electrolysis has emerged as a promising route for green hydrogen production， owing to its potential to utilize seawater as a feedstock and address offshore wind power utilization challenges in remote marine areas. However， current research on seawater electrolysis predominantly focuses on catalyst development at the material level， with insufficient attention to synergistic optimization at the system and process levels. To bridge this gap， this review systematically summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies and future trends in seawater electrolysis systems and processes. The system is decomposed into four key components： electrolyzer， power supply system， gas-liquid separation system， and gas purification system， with a comprehensive analysis of their current research progress. Additionally， this paper highlights innovations in non-catalyst aspects， including technological and methodological advancements. Finally， future directions and application prospects for seawater electrolysis systems are discussed， emphasizing the importance of integrated system design， scalability， and cost-effectiveness to accelerate industrial deployment. This work aims to provide insights into the holistic development of seawater electrolysis technology for sustainable hydrogen production.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Principles， types of technologies and challenges of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water and seawater

2.1 Hydrogen production by water electrolysis

2.2 Hydrogen production by sea water electrolysis

3 Hydrogen production system and process by seawater electrolysis

3.1 Seawater pretreatment system

3.2 Electrolyzer cell

3.3 Power supply system

3.4 Gas-liquid separation system

3.5 Gas purification system

4 Innovation in the process of hydrogen production by seawater electrolysis

4.1 Innovation of the electrolyzer

4.2 Innovation in water electrolysis method

5 Conclusions and prospects

Key words

hydrogen production by seawater electrolysis / hydrogen production by water electrolysis / electrolyzer / gas purification / gas-liquid separation

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Dongyi Liu , Miaoting Sun , Yang Yu , et al . Hydrogen Production via Seawater Electrolysis： Current Advances and Future Perspectives on Process Optimization and System Integration[J]. Progress in Chemistry. 2025, 37(12): 1877-1901 https://doi.org/10.7536/PC20250519

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Funding

Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang Province(2024ZXJ03C06)

Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(YQ2022E027)

National Natural Science Foundation of China(52476192)

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