Triboelectric nanogenerators（TENGs）convert mechanical energy from daily human activities（such as body movements，breathing，and heartbeats）into electrical energy，enabling real-time，continuous，non-invasive and convenient monitoring of physiological signals and motion states. Herein，this review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in hydrogel-based TENGs for human health monitoring. Initially，the fundamental working principles of hydrogel-based TENGs are introduced to clarify the conversion of human mechanical energy into electricity. Secondly，the roles of hydrogels in TENGs are analyzed from both triboelectric and electrode layers. Subsequently，the strategies to enhance the performance of hydrogels in terms of surface characteristics，mechanical properties，electrical conductivity and environmental stability are discussed，with the aim of improving overall device performance and expanding applicability. Next，the applications of hydrogel-based TENGs in monitoring human physiological signals（such as electrocardiogram，respiration）and motion states（such as joint movement，gait analysis，cervical exercises）are also summarized，demonstrating their broad potential in health monitoring. Finally，the future challenges and development directions are outlined，providing valuable insights for further research. In summary，this review aims to promote the development of hydrogel-based TENGs toward higher performance and wider application in human health monitoring.