Research Progress of Ni-Rich Cathode Materials

Tianyu Wang; Li Wang; Wei Sun; Meirong Wu; Yue Yang

doi:10.7536/PC231120

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Prog Chem ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7) : 1026-1045. DOI: 10.7536/PC231120

Review

Research Progress of Ni-Rich Cathode Materials

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Abstract

Benefiting from high energy density and low cost,Ni-rich LiNi_xCo_yMn/Al_1-_x_-_yO₂materials have received great attention as promising cathode candidates for next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)that are widely used in electric vehicles(EVs).However,with an increased Ni content,Ni-rich cathode materials suffer from severe structural,chemical,and mechanical instabilities,seriously restricting their industrially safe application in power LIBs of EVs.In this review,primarily,the synthesis methods of Ni-rich cathode materials are summarized in detail,which include solid-state method,sol-gel method,hydrothermal method,spray-drying method,and co-precipitation method.Subsequently,the key failure mechanisms,including ion mixing and irreversible phase transition,residual Li species and interface side reactions,mechanical microcracks,and transition metal dissolutions,are thoroughly analyzed throughout the preparation,storage,and service of Ni-rich cathode materials,thereby clarifying various performance decay behaviors of materials.The modification strategies that cover ion doping,surface coating,core-shell/gradient materials,and single-crystal materials are systematically discussed for Ni-rich cathode materials,aiming at presenting conspicuous research progress and current shortcomings for the stabilization of Ni-rich cathode materials.Finally,this review presents a perspective toward future development and optimization for Ni-rich cathode materials,aiming at delivering a theoretical guidance for propelling its industrial safe application in high-energy LIBs 。

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Synthetic method

2.1 Solid-state method

2.2 Sol-gel method

2.3 Hydrothermal method

2.4 Spray-drying method

2.5 Coprecipitation method

3 Failure mechanism

3.1 Ion mixing and irreversible phase transition

3.2 Surface residual Li species and interface side reaction

3.3 Microcracks induced by internal stress

3.4 Dissolution of transition metals

4 Modification method

4.1 Ion doping

4.2 Surface coating

4.3 Core-shell/gradient material design

4.4 Single-crystal material design

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words

Ni-rich cathode materials / synthesis methods / failure mechanism / modification methods / synergistic modification

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Tianyu Wang , Li Wang , Wei Sun , et al . Research Progress of Ni-Rich Cathode Materials[J]. Progress in Chemistry. 2024, 36(7): 1026-1045 https://doi.org/10.7536/PC231120

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Funding

Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Programme(2023CXQD009)

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