Precision Detection of Tumor Small Extracellular Vesicles

Huijing Wang; Die Sun; Ruiying Wang; Hui Zhang

doi:10.7536/PC240318

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Prog Chem ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12) : 1972-1982. DOI: 10.7536/PC240318

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Precision Detection of Tumor Small Extracellular Vesicles

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Abstract

Tumor small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are membranous vesicles, released by tumor cells, with a particle size less than 200 nm. They carry diverse biomolecular information on their surface and inside, participating in intercellular communication and are recognized as one of the most crucial liquid biopsies for cancer. Because sEVs’ surface contains a variety of proteins that can bind to corresponding antibodies or nucleic acid aptamers, quantitative detection of sEVs can be achieved through optical or electrochemical methods. However, due to the high heterogeneity and complexity of sEVs, relying on a single protein for recognition may lead to false positive or false negative signals. Therefore, accurate detection of tumor-derived sEVs requires simultaneous analysis of multiple biomarkers. Simultaneous analysis of multiple biomarkers can effectively address interference caused by phenotypic heterogeneity in sEVs and provide more accurate guidance for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. This paper focuses on the detection methods of sEVs based on surface proteins using fluorescence, colorimetry, electrochemical methods, and electrochemiluminescence techniques. It emphasizes the importance of achieving high sensitivity and accuracy in detecting sEVs through multi-protein multi-signal proportional output approaches, employing multi-protein logic gates and multi-protein proximity linking reactions.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 General analysis method of small extracellular vesicles

2.1 Fluorometry

2.2 Colorimetry

2.3 Electrochemical method

2.4 Electrochemical luminescence

3 Precision detection of small extracellular vesicles based on surface multiproteins

3.1 Multiprotein proportional output

3.2 Multiprotein Logical Computation Output

3.3 Multiprotein proximity ligation reaction

4 Conclusion and outlook

Key words

tumor small extracellular vesicles / exosomes / liquid biopsy / precision detection / surface multiple proteins analysis

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Huijing Wang , Die Sun , Ruiying Wang , et al. Precision Detection of Tumor Small Extracellular Vesicles[J]. Progress in Chemistry. 2024, 36(12): 1972-1982 https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240318

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