Reductive Transformation of Perchlorate: Fundamentals and Applications

Junhua Fang; Ruofan Li; Wenjun Zhang; Weixian Zhang

doi:10.7536/PC240324

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Prog Chem ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12) : 1901-1914. DOI: 10.7536/PC240324

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Reductive Transformation of Perchlorate: Fundamentals and Applications

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Abstract

Perchlorate, a persistent inorganic pollutant in water, poses a global environmental challenge due to its high solubility, mobility, and stability, making it difficult to degrade in the environment. Contamination by perchlorate has become a worldwide environmental issue, as residues of perchlorate in surface water and groundwater enter food and drinking water through various pathways, posing potential health risks. Chemical and biological methods have been extensively studied for perchlorate removal, each with its unique advantages and challenges. This paper systematically summarizes the recent research progress in chemical and biological treatment technologies for removing perchlorate from water, elaborating on the mechanisms, influencing factors, and advantages and disadvantages of these technologies. Chemical degradation, catalytic reduction, and electrochemical reduction are effective methods for treating perchlorate pollution. Organic electron donors such as acetate, glycerol, ethanol, and methane, as well as inorganic electron donors such as hydrogen and elemental sulfur, are widely used in the biological degradation process of perchlorate. Chemical methods provide rapid reduction rates and convenient implementation, while biological methods offer environmentally friendly solutions and long-term sustainable potential. However, both methods have limitations. In recent years, researchers have begun to explore combined removal techniques that integrate chemical and biological methods to enhance the remediation efficiency of perchlorate pollution. This paper reviews the research progress of three combined removal techniques: adsorption-biological method, bio-electrochemical method, and chemical reduction-biological method. In addition, future research directions are discussed, including engineering implementation studies, materials and microbiology research, practical application studies, and in-depth exploration of perchlorate degradation mechanisms.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Chemical degradation of perchlorate

2.1 Chemical reduction

2.2 Catalytic reduction

2.3 Electrochemical reduction

3 Biodegradation of perchlorate

3.1 Organic electron donor

3.2 Inorganic electron donor

4 Combined methods for perchlorate degradation

4.1 Adsorption-biological method

4.2 Bio-electrochemical method

4.3 Chemical reduction-biological method

5 Conclusion and Outlook

Key words

perchlorate / chemical degradation / biodegradation / combined removal technology / bio- electrochemical method

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Junhua Fang , Ruofan Li , Wenjun Zhang , et al. Reductive Transformation of Perchlorate: Fundamentals and Applications[J]. Progress in Chemistry. 2024, 36(12): 1901-1914 https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240324

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Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3702102)

National Natural Science Foundation of China(51978488)

Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B0202080001)

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