Detection Methods, Pollution Characteristics, Environmental Behavior and Ecological Risk of Microplastics

Xujun Liang, Yujing Ren, Ling Ding, Xinran Qiu, Xuetao Guo, Lingyan Zhu

Prog Chem ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1) : 16-31.

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Prog Chem ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1) : 16-31. DOI: 10.7536/PC240711
Microplastics Special Issue

Detection Methods, Pollution Characteristics, Environmental Behavior and Ecological Risk of Microplastics

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Abstract

As an emerging pollutant, microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a focal point of global environmental research. MPs are widely detected in various environmental matrices, including the atmosphere, soil, oceans, and inland waters. Once introduced into the environment, MPs undergo a series of transformation and transport processes across different environmental compartments and accumulate in biota, thereby posing significant threats to ecosystems and human health. This review aims to summarize the sampling and detection methods for MPs, followed by an assessment of their pollution levels in different matrices. The inter-compartmental transformation and transport of MPs, along with their ecological effects, are then reviewed and analyzed. Finally, the limitations in understanding the environmental geochemical behaviors and ecological risks of MPs, as well as prospects for future research, are outlined.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Detection methods of microplastics (MPs) in the environment

2.1 Sampling and separation

2.2 Detection

3 Environmental occurrences of MPs

3.1 Oceans

3.2 Freshwater

3.3 Soil

3.4 Atmosphere

4 Environmental behaviors of MPs

4.1 Weathering

4.2 Migration

5 Ecological risks of MPs

5.1 Toxicological effects of MPs on microorganisms

5.2 Toxicological effects of MPs on plants

5.3 Toxicological effects of MPs on fauna

6 Conclusions and future prospects

Key words

microplastics / analytical methods / occurrence characteristics / environmental behaviors / ecological risks

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Xujun Liang , Yujing Ren , Ling Ding , et al . Detection Methods, Pollution Characteristics, Environmental Behavior and Ecological Risk of Microplastics[J]. Progress in Chemistry. 2025, 37(1): 16-31 https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240711

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National Natural Science Foundation of China(42377233)
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