The Origin of Biomolecular Homochirality

Jingjing Wu, Meng Su

Prog Chem ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6) : 843-857.

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Prog Chem ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6) : 843-857. DOI: 10.7536/PC240806
Review

The Origin of Biomolecular Homochirality

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Abstract

The origin of homochirality in biomolecules is a pivotal issue in the origin of life field. It is central to our comprehension of the nature of life itself. Homochirality， a term describing the occurrence of molecules in specific chiral forms in three-dimensional space， is fundamental to biological activity. This concept is essential because the chirality of molecules impacts how they interact with one another and how they function within biological systems. Understanding the origin of homochirality not only illuminates the process of symmetry breaking in nature but also has significant implications for various areas within the life sciences.Recent years have witnessed extensive and profound developments in the field of the origin of homochirality. These studies have employed a combination of theoretical deduction， computational simulations， and experimental observations to explore this topic. This review provides a comprehensive review of current knowledge regarding the origin of biomolecular homochirality by examining three key aspects： the emergence of molecular chirality， the amplification， and the propagation of homochirality.Firstly， the emergence of homochirality in biological molecules is a crucial focus. Researchers investigate how and why certain chiral forms become predominant in nature. Secondly， the amplification of homochirality explores how initially minor chiral bias can be amplified to achieve a predominance of one chiral form over another. Finally， the propagation of homochirality involves studying how chiral properties flow through biological molecules and systems and are inherited through generations.By delving into these aspects， this review offers fresh perspectives and insights into the complex issue of homochirality. These insights will not only deepen our understanding of the intricate processes involved in the Origins of Life but also drive advancements in practical applications such as the development of chiral drugs， the design of chiral catalysts， and the synthesis of artificial lives.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Hypothesis of the origin of molecular chirality

2.1 Chiral molecules and characterization

2.2 Hypotheses of biotic and abiotic origin

3 Emergence of chirality

3.1 Extraterrestrial chiral molecules

3.2 Circularly polarized light leads to deracemization

3.3 β decay leads to deracemization

3.4 Parity Violating Energy Difference

3.5 Deracemization via crystallization

3.6 Deracemization via evaporation

3.7 Attrition-Enhanced Deracemization

3.8 Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity

4 Amplification of homochirality

4.1 Asymmetric autocatalytic reactions

4.2 Formation of homochiral peptides

4.3 Formation of homochiral oligonucleotides

5 Propagation of homochirality

5.1 Chirality information

5.2 Chirality propagation from amino acids to nucleotides

5.3 Chirality propagation from nucleotides and lipids to amino acids

6 Conclusion and perspective

Key words

the origin of life / homochirality / chiral-induced spin selectivity / chiral catalysis / RNA

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Jingjing Wu , Meng Su. The Origin of Biomolecular Homochirality[J]. Progress in Chemistry. 2025, 37(6): 843-857 https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240806

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