Fluorinated Solvents as High Performance Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries

Yunpeng Fu; Wanglei Chen; Xin Zhou; Yang Wang; Jinglun Wang

doi:10.7536/PC240816

Prog Chem ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6) : 934-948. DOI: 10.7536/PC240816

Review

Fluorinated Solvents as High Performance Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries

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Abstract

Lithium metal batteries （LMBs） have attracted significant attention due to their remarkable energy density. Yet， challenges surrounding safety and cycling stability have existed as crucial factors impeding their practical application. The development of an efficient electrolyte， which stands as a vital component in LMBs， serves as a key strategy to tackle those issues. In this review， the fluorinated solvent for lithium metal batteries is summarized in detail for the follow three reasons：（1） because of the strong electron-withdrawing effect of fluorine atoms， the fluorination of electrolyte solvents can reduce the HOMO and LUMO energy level， facilitating the generation of a robust solid electrolyte interface layer enriched with LiF on the lithium metal anode's surface；（2） fluorination can alter the electrostatic potential distribution of electrolyte solvents， thereby modifying coordination sites and regulating solvation structures；（3） the fluorination of solvents can also enhance the temperature endurance and flame retardance of the electrolyte. According to the chemical structures， fluorinated carbonates， fluorinated ethers， fluorinated carboxylates， fluorinated siloxanes， and fluorinated nitriles are elucidated elaborately based on the degree of fluorination and position of fluorine substitution. The relationships between the chemical structures of fluorinated solvents and the solvation structure， interfacial compatibility， and cell performances are described systematically. This review summarizes and provides insights into the future development prospects on fluorinated solvents for lithium metal batteries.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Fluorinated carbonate based solvents

2.1 Fluorinated cyclic carbonate

2.2 Fluorinated linear carbonate

3 Fluorinated ether based solvents

3.1 Fluorinated cyclic ether

3.2 Fluorinated linear ether

3.3 Partial fluorinated ether

4 Other fluorinated solvents

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words

lithium metal batteries / electrolyte / fluorinated solvents / solvation structure / solid electrolyte interface

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Yunpeng Fu , Wanglei Chen , Xin Zhou , et al . Fluorinated Solvents as High Performance Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries[J]. Progress in Chemistry. 2025, 37(6): 934-948 https://doi.org/10.7536/PC240816

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