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Abbreviation (ISO4): Prog Chem      Editor in chief: Jincai ZHAO

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Progress in Chemistry >

2023 , Vol. 35 >Issue 8: 1168 - 1176

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7536/PC221222

Review

Design and Application of Chiral Plasmonic Core-Shell Nanostructures

  • Wenliang Liu ,
  • Yuqi Wang ,
  • Xiaohan Li ,
  • Xuanyu Zhang ,
  • Jiqian Wang , *
Expand
  • State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China),Qingdao 266580, China
*Corresponding author e-mail:

Received date: 2022-12-28

  Revised date: 2023-05-26

  Online published: 2023-07-18

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of China(22072181)

Innovation Fund Project for Graduate Student of China University of Petroleum(23CX04031A)

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

Fold

Abstract

Chirality describes the geometrical feature of an object that cannot overlap with its mirror image and has been a crucial concept in chemistry and biology since the 19th century. With the development of nanotechnology, chiral plasmonic nanomaterials are becoming the research focuses for scientists to develop chiral functional materials due to the special chiral optical properties and good biocompatibility. However, the relatively weak chiral signals limit their applications. Chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures combine the chiral plasmonic properties and core-shell structures, which is an effective strategy to amplify chiral signals. In addition, the core-shell nanostructure integrates the properties of both internal and external materials to complement each other, which can further improve the physicochemical properties and enhance the performance in various fields. This paper summarizes the design strategies of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures based on the spatial distribution of chiral molecules, and reviews their applications in the fields of ultrasensitive sensing and chiral catalysis. We analyze the existing problems and their possible solutions, and make an outlook on their future development.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Design strategies for chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures

2.1 Chiral molecules distributed on the shell

2.2 Chiral molecules distributed on the core

2.3 Chiral molecules distributed in the core-shell gap

3 Application of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures

3.1 Ultra-sensitive sensing

3.2 Chiral catalysis

4 Conclusion and outlook

Key words： chiral plasmonic nanostructures; core-shell structure; chiral catalysis; ultra-sensitive sensing

Cite this article

Wenliang Liu , Yuqi Wang , Xiaohan Li , Xuanyu Zhang , Jiqian Wang . Design and Application of Chiral Plasmonic Core-Shell Nanostructures[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2023 , 35(8) : 1168 -1176 . DOI: 10.7536/PC221222

1 Introduction

Chirality is ubiquitous in life. The conformation of single molecules, self-assemblies, nanoparticles, organisms in nature, and even cosmic nebulae all have chirality at different scales. This is a basic property of nature and also affects the basic properties of matter[1⇓⇓~4]. circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy can distinguish the conformation of a chiral object depending on the absorption coefficient of the chiral object for left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light[5]. However, traditional chiral molecules often show weak chiral response signals, and the system is easily affected by environmental factors such as temperature and solvent, which limits its application in chiral recognition, chiral sensing and other fields. Plasmonic nanomaterials such as gold (Au), silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd) exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), which is characterized by the collective coherent oscillation of conduction electrons enclosed at a metal-dielectric interface under the excitation of electromagnetic radiation, allowing electrons to be confined and manipulated at the nanoscale[6⇓~8]. Therefore, the existence of LSPR effect will produce a strong electromagnetic field on the surface of nanoparticles, and then interact strongly with nearby molecules, which can enhance the spectral signals of molecules, including CD spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and so on[9⇓~11]. Therefore, the chiral plasmonic nanomaterials obtained by combining chiral molecules with weak chiral response signals and plasmonic nanomaterials with strong stability can obtain enhanced, customized and stable chiral characteristics and chiral response signals. The asymmetry factor (G factor) is introduced as a dimensionless unit to evaluate the chiral response signal of chiral plasmonic nanomaterials[12⇓~14]. Chiral plasmonic nanomaterials have attracted much attention due to their unprecedented chiral properties and chiral response signals, and have been widely used in the fields of chiral catalysis, chiral optical devices, chiral biosensing, chiral recognition, and chiral photodynamic or photothermal therapy[15⇓⇓⇓~19].
In the late 1980s, researchers found that heterogeneous nanostructures, composite nanostructures, or sandwich nanostructures reacted more efficiently than the corresponding single nanoparticles. And in some cases, they exhibit some novel and unique properties[20⇓~22]. In the early 1990s, researchers synthesized concentric multilayer semiconductor nanoparticles in the hope of improving the properties of this semiconductor material, and then adopted the term "core shell". Core-shell nanostructure is an ordered composite multiphase structure formed by coating one nanomaterial with another nanomaterial by chemical bonds or other forces[23⇓⇓~26]. Briefly, a core-shell nanostructure can be broadly defined as an assembled nanostructure containing a core (inner material) and a shell (outer material). The preparation process of core-shell nanostructures involves many factors (temperature, pH value, solvent, metal precursor, reducing agent, type of complexing agent/protective agent and impurity ions, etc.), and the change of any factor will affect the product to a certain extent, such as the average size, morphology, dispersion of particles, etc[27⇓⇓⇓~31]. The inherent properties of metal itself are important factors affecting the formation of core-shell nanostructures. In order to obtain the desired core-shell nanostructure, various factors need to be considered when formulating the synthesis scheme.
In recent years, plasmonic core-shell nanostructures have been widely concerned by researchers. Chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures obtained by adding chiral molecules in the preparation process are the frontier of current research[32⇓~34]. The chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructure will show novel characteristics in addition to the characteristics of the core-shell nanostructure itself, such as further amplifying the G factor to meet the requirements of chiral response signals for the construction of chiral functional materials; Secondly, two or more materials with core-shell nanostructures have close interaction with each other, which can integrate the properties of two or more materials inside and outside, and complement each other's shortcomings, further enhancing their practicability in the face of complex application scenarios. Among them, the choice of shell materials for core-shell nanostructures usually has the greatest impact on the final application and use.
In this paper, the design strategies of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures are summarized from the perspective of the spatial distribution of chiral molecules, and then the application progress of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures in the fields of ultrasensitive sensing and asymmetric catalysis is described.Finally, the challenges in the research of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures are analyzed, which provides a reference for the development of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanomaterials with higher chiral response signal and higher stability.

2 Design Strategies for Chiral Plasmonic Core-Shell Nanostructures

The design strategies of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures can be divided into three categories according to the spatial distribution of chiral molecules: 1) chiral molecules are distributed on the shell; 2) Chiral molecules are distributed on the nucleus; 3) The chiral molecule is distributed in the core-shell gap.

2.1 The chiral molecules are distributed on the shell

After obtaining plasmonic core-shell nanomaterials, it is the most direct and convenient method to directly modify chiral molecules on the shell to enhance the chiral response signal[35⇓~37]. Gang et al. Directly modified DNA on the outer Ag nanocubes shell with Au nanooctahedra as the core, and constructed Au @ DNA-modified Ag with a g-factor of the order of 10-3, as shown in Fig. 1[38]. It is worth noting that the chiral response signal intensity of Au @ DNA modified Ag is 85 ~ 103 times that of DNA, and the amplification of chiral response signal comes from the interaction between chiral molecules and plasma. This study also found that the chiral response signal is very sensitive to the orientation of chiral molecules modified on the surface of Ag nanocubes, which lays the foundation for the simple realization of enhanced and customizable chiral response signal. This chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructure provides a promising platform for ultrasensitive sensing of chiral molecules and their translation in synthetic, biomedical, and pharmaceutical applications.
图1 (a)Au@DNA修饰的Ag的示意图;(b)Au@DNA修饰的Ag的制备示意图;(c)Au@DNA修饰的Ag的TEM图;(d)DNA以及Au@DNA修饰的Ag的紫外-可见吸收光谱;(e)DNA、Au@Ag、Au@DNA修饰的Ag的圆二色光谱[38]

Fig.1 (a)Schematic diagram of Au@DNA modified Ag. (b)Schematic diagram of the preparation of Au@DNA modified Ag. (c)TEM image of Au@DNA modified Ag. (d)UV-vis absorption spectra of DNA and Au@DNA modified Ag. (e)CD spectra of DNA, Au@Ag, and Au@DNA modified Ag[38]

Although the chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructure can be obtained most directly by directly modifying chiral molecules on the shell of the plasmonic core-shell nanostructure, the chiral molecules distributed on the shell are easily unstable due to the influence of environmental factors such as solution environment, temperature, pH value, etc., resulting in the instability of the chiral response signal. Xu et al. Used DNA bridging technology to bridge two Au @ AgAu together to form a dimeric plasmonic core-shell nanostructure (DNA-bridged Au @ AgAu), which realized the transmission and amplification of the chiral response signal, and the G factor reached the order of 10-2, as shown in Fig. 2[39]. The amplified chiral response signal comes from the electromagnetic coupling between the two plasmas forming the dimer. When the distance between the two plasmas is closer, the electromagnetic coupling is stronger, and then the chiral response signal is larger. In addition, the size and position of the module for constructing the DNA-bridged Au @ AgAu are limited by controlling the bridging effect of DNA, so that the DNA-bridged Au @ AgAu has high uniformity and accuracy, and the chiral response signal has high stability[40⇓~42]. Among them, different shell types, thicknesses and sequences can customize the chiral response signal with different positions and intensities. The combination of a highly stable, enhanced, and controllable chiral response signal and the exponential amplification of PCR enables DNA detection at the eptor (10-21) molar level.
图2 (a)DNA桥联的Au@AgAu的示意图;(b)DNA桥联的Au@AgAu的制备示意图;(c)DNA桥联的Au@AgAu的TEM图;(d)DNA桥联的Au@AgAu的圆二色光谱[39]

Fig.2 (a)Schematic diagram of DNA bridged Au@AgAu. (b)Schematic diagram of the preparation of DNA bridged Au@AgAu. (c)TEM images of DNA bridged Au@AgAu. (d)CD spectra of DNA bridged Au@AgAu[39]

Although the bridging interaction can make the plasmonic core-shell nanostructure obtain a relatively stable chiral response signal, the strength of the chiral response signal of the chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructure constructed by the bridging interaction is not enough due to the limited number of chiral molecules and building blocks. Lei et al. Modified cysteine on the Ag nanocuboid shell with Au nanorods as the outer layer of the core to construct Au @ cysteine-modified Ag, and the G factor reached the order of 10-3, as shown in Fig. 3[43]. Both experiments and theoretical calculations show that Au @ cysteine-modified Ag has an amplified chiral response signal compared with the chiral molecule, and the amplified chiral response signal comes from the helical network formed by the hydrogen bonding of cysteines distributed on the surface of the Ag shell. The helical network formed by the chiral molecule can interact with the plasmonic core-shell nanostructure by electromagnetic coupling to amplify the chiral response signal. In addition, the chiral response signal obtained in this way not only has high stability, but also can be turned on or off by controlling the solution conditions, such as temperature, pH value of the solution and external ions. The Au @ cysteine-modified Ag reported in this work provides an attractive opportunity to extend the metal nanostructure enhanced chirality response signal to molecular structure recognition in stereochemistry and chiral recognition in biomedicine.
图3 (a)Au@半胱氨酸修饰的Ag的示意图;(b)Au@半胱氨酸修饰的Ag的TEM图;(c)Au@半胱氨酸修饰的Ag的圆二色光谱;(d~f)Au@半胱氨酸修饰的Ag的手性响应信号放大策略[43]

Fig.3 (a)Schematic diagram of Au@cysteine modified Ag. (b)TEM images of Au@cysteine modified Ag(c)CD spectra of Au@cysteine modified Ag. (d~f)Chiral response signal amplification strategy for Au@cysteine modified Ag[43]

2.2 Chiral molecules are distributed on the nucleus

Chiral molecules are modified on the plasma core, and then the chiral plasma core-shell nanostructure is obtained by further epitaxial growth, which can not only protect the chiral molecules from the interference of environmental factors, but also amplify the chiral response signal through the electromagnetic coupling of the plasma core-shell nanostructure. Xu et al. Modified DNA on Au nanospheres, and then coated them with a spherical Ag shell to obtain DNA-modified Au @ Ag with a G factor of the order of 10-2, as shown in Fig. 4 B and C[44]. DNA-modified Au @ Ag showed a strong chiral response signal, which was derived from the interaction between DNA and plasmon and further amplified by plasmon core-shell nanostructure electromagnetic coupling. In addition, the chiral response signal of DNA-modified Au @ Ag can be controlled by controlling the thickness of the Ag shell, which realizes the controllability of the chiral response signal. The DNA-modified Au @ Ag reported in this work can open the way for biosensing, chiral photonic devices, and other potential applications, and the synthetic method is also expected to be generalized to other types of chiral plasmonic nanomaterials, non-plasmonic nanomaterials, and composite nanomaterials. Xu et al. Also used a similar method to modify cysteine on Au nanospheres, and then coated a spherical Ag shell on the outside to obtain cysteine-modified Au @ Ag, the G factor reached the order of 10-2, and the chiral response signal could be adjusted by adjusting the amount of cysteine added, as shown in Figure 4D and e[45]. Similarly, the chiral response signal of cysteine-modified Au @ Ag is also caused by the interaction between cysteine and plasmon, and the electromagnetic coupling of plasmon core-shell nanostructures further enhances the chiral response signal. More importantly, the cysteine-modified Au @ Ag reported in this work shows unusual circularly polarized light photocatalytic activity under asymmetric circularly polarized light irradiation, which further opens the way for chiral catalysis of plasmonic nanomaterials.
图4 (a)手性分子修饰的Au@Ag的示意图;(b)DNA修饰的Au@Ag的制备示意图;(c)DNA修饰的Au@Ag的TEM图[44] ;(d)半胱氨酸修饰的Au@Ag的制备示意图;(e)半胱氨酸修饰的Au@Ag的TEM图[45]

Fig.4 (a)Schematic diagram of chiral molecules modified Au@Ag. (b)Schematic diagram of the preparation of DNA modified Au@Ag.(c)TEM images of DNA modified Au@Ag[44]. (d)Schematic diagram of the preparation of cysteine modified Au@Ag.(e)TEM images of cysteine modified Au@Ag[45]

Wu et al. Also modified cysteine on Au nanorods, and then coated Ag nanorods to form a chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructure (cysteine-modified Au @ Ag), and obtained a series of cysteine-modified Au @ Ag by changing the morphology of the Au core, with the G factor up to the order of 10-3, as shown in Fig. 5[46]. Their results show that the electromagnetic coupling of plasmonic core-shell nanostructures endows the strong electromagnetic field around cysteine as a key factor in amplifying the chiral response signal. In addition, when the Au nanoparticles as the core are spherical, the cysteine-modified Au @ Ag does not express a significant chiral response signal, while when the Au nanoparticles as the core are rod-like,The cysteine-modified Au @ Ag can express obvious chiral response signals, indicating that the anisotropic orientation of chiral molecules provided by the anisotropic core is the key factor to amplify the chiral transmission. The chirality response signal enhanced cysteine-modified Au @ Ag reported in this work further confirms that the intercalation of molecules on the core of plasmonic core-shell structure is an effective method to enhance the interaction between molecules and plasmon, and this method will also be beneficial for further design and optimization of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures.
图5 (a)半胱氨酸修饰的Au@Ag的示意图;(b)半胱氨酸修饰的Au@Ag的制备示意图;(c)Au@半胱氨酸修饰的Ag的圆二色光谱;(d~f)Au@半胱氨酸修饰的Ag的手性响应信号放大策略[46]

Fig.5 (a)Schematic diagram of cysteine modified Au@Ag. (b)TEM image of cysteine modified Au@Ag.(c)CD spectra of cysteine modified Au@Ag. (d~f)Chiral response signal amplification strategy for cysteine modified Au@Ag[46]

2.3 The chiral molecule is distributed in the core-shell gap

The larger the chiral response signal of the chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructure is, the greater the potential of practical application is, while the bridging effect, the hydrogen bond network effect and the electromagnetic coupling effect of the plasmonic core-shell nanostructure are still insufficient. Therefore, some researchers hope to construct gaps in plasmonic core-shell nanostructures to further amplify the chiral response signal by means of Coulomb interaction between chiral molecules and plasmons. Xu et al. Modified penicillamine molecules on Au nanorods and covered them with a layer of Ag nanorod shell, and further used the etching effect of Au on Ag to etch away the silver core and cover it with a layer of Au shell to form a nanogap, and obtained penicillamine-modified Au @ AgAu with G factor up to the order of 10-2, as shown in Fig. 6[47]. In addition to the interaction between penicillamine and plasma and the electromagnetic coupling of the core-shell nanostructure, the strong chiral response of the penicillamine-modified Au @ AgAu can be further enhanced by the Coulomb interaction between the chiral molecule and plasma in the plasmonic nanogap. In addition, the chiral response signal of the structure can also be adjusted by changing the aspect ratio of the Au nanorods and the width of the gap. The adjustability of the penicillamine-modified Au @ AgAu chiral response signal and the photothermal effect reported in this work can be used to quantitatively detect zinc ions in living cells, and are expected to have further applications in the fields of enantioselective separation, chiral catalysis, and biomedical sensing.
图6 (a)青霉胺修饰的Au@AgAu的示意图;(b)青霉胺修饰的Au@AgAu的TEM图;(c)青霉胺修饰的Au@AgAu的制备示意图[47]

Fig.6 (a)Schematic diagram of penicillamine modified Au@AgAu. (b)TEM images of penicillamine modified Au@AgAu.(c)Schematic diagram of the preparation of penicillamine modified Au@AgAu[47]

Finally, we summarize the spatial distribution of chiral molecules and their asymmetry factors in chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures, as shown in Table 1. It can be seen that the G factor of the chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructure with chiral molecules distributed in the gap is the largest at present, because in addition to the electromagnetic coupling mechanism, its special structure can further amplify the chiral response by means of the Coulomb interaction between the chiral molecules and the plasma.
表1 手性等离子体核壳纳米结构中手性分子的空间分布及其不对称因子

Table 1 Spatial distribution of chiral molecules in chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures and their g factors

Spatial distribution of chiral molecules Materials g-factors ref
Chiral molecules
distributed on the
shell		 Au@DNA modified Ag 4.4×10-3 38
DNA bridged Au@AgAu 1.21×10-2 39
Au@cysteine modified Ag 1.45×10-3 43
Chiral molecules
distributed on the
core		 DNA modified Au@Ag 1.93×10-2 44
cysteine modified Au@Ag 1×10-2 45
cysteine modified Au@Ag 1.3×10-3 46
Chiral molecules
distributed in the
core-shell gap		 penicillamine modified Au@AgAu 2.1×10-2 47

3 Applications of Chiral Plasmonic Core-Shell Nanostructures

Chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures prepared with the participation of chiral molecules have excellent chiroptical properties. By designing the morphology, materials, combination mode and spatial distribution of chiral molecules of the plasmonic core-shell nanostructure, different chiral response signals can be obtained, which is not only the basis for its application in ultra-sensitive sensing, asymmetric catalysis and other fields, but also provides a direction for the development of functional materials based on special chiral response signals.

3.1 Application of ultrasensitive sensing

The chiral response signal of the chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructure can generate a strong chiral signal in the visible light region, which is very sensitive to the change of the material and the combination mode of the chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructure, and even a small change can cause a huge difference in the chiral response signal. Compared with nanomaterials based on other properties for sensing detection, chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures based on chiral response signals have the characteristics of sensitivity, rapidity, and no pollution, and can be applied to ultra-sensitive sensing in the fields of biology, medicine, and the like[48⇓~50].
Xu et al. Constructed a DNA-bridged Au @ AgAu, which realized the DNA detection and sensing at the eptomole level, as shown in Figure 7A[39]. The specific design of primers is also important for the high selectivity of DNA detection sensing, and the chiral plasma detection method based on interfacial PCR further improves the specificity of detection due to the local heat transport in the medium. In addition, on the basis of Au @ AgAu modified by penicillamine, Xu et al. Modified DNase that can specifically interact with Zn2+ in the outermost layer, as shown in Fig. 7B[47]. Furthermore, it was applied to the quantitative detection of Zn2+ in living cells.If there was Zn2+ in the target living cells, the chiral response signal of Au @ AgAu modified by outer DNase at 530 nm would change, and even disappear with the increase of the concentration of Zn2+. The concentration of the Zn2+ in the living cell can be quantitatively detected by monitoring the change of the generated chiral response signal. However, compared with Zn2+, other metal ions (Na+, K+, Cu2+, Mg2+) only cause a very small change in the chiral response signal, which is almost negligible.
图7 (a)DNA桥联的Au@AgAu应用于仄普托摩尔级别DNA检测传感[39] ;(b)青霉胺修饰的Au@AgAu应用于活体细胞中Zn2+检测[47]

Fig.7 (a)DNA bridged Au@AgAu for zeptomolar DNA detection and sensing[39] ;(b)penicillamine-modified Au@AgAu for Zn2+ detection and sensing in living cells[47]

3.2 Application of Chiral Catalysis

In addition to ultrasensitive sensing applications, chiral catalysis is another important application area[51⇓~53]. Chiral catalysis is an effective method for generating chiral products or distinguishing between the two enantiomers of a racemic mixture[54⇓~56]. Plasmonic nanomaterials not only have potential catalytic activity, but also can be used as catalyst supports[17,57⇓ ~59]. However, so far, there are few examples of the use of chiral plasmonic nanomaterials for chiral catalysis. Xu et al. Designed cysteine-modified Au @ Ag and used it in the field of chiral photocatalysis, as shown in Fig. 8[45]. Plasmon-dependent nanomaterials can generate hot electrons under illumination, which can promote the progress of photocatalytic reactions, while the circular dichroism effect of asymmetric hot electrons can enhance different photochemical processes. Cysteine-modified Au @ Ag was used to reduce 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in the presence of sodium borohydride with asymmetric circularly polarized light. The reaction occurs on the surface of metal nanoparticles and is a representative model reaction for evaluating the catalytic activity of nanocatalysts, which can be easily monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy[60]. The experimental results show that the catalytic efficiency of cysteine-modified Au @ Ag-matched chirality under circularly polarized light is at least 10 times higher than that under linearly polarized light, natural light or no light. Such excellent catalytic activity is attributed to the increase of hot electrons generated by the cysteine-modified Au @ Ag under the irradiation of matched circularly polarized light, which in turn enhances the reactivity.
图8 半胱氨酸修饰的Au@Ag应用于不对称催化[45]

Fig.8 Cysteine modified Au@Ag for asymmetric catalysis[45]

4 Conclusion and prospect

Chiral plasmonic nanomaterials are the current research focus of plasmonic nanomaterials, which guide a new direction for the design of advanced functional materials and devices. Chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures with strong chiral response signals can be obtained by the strategy of combining core-shell nanostructures with chiral plasmonic nanomaterials. The chiral response signal of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures is affected by many factors, such as material, morphology, composition, and spatial distribution of chiral molecules, and the chiral response signal can be regulated based on these factors, so it is suitable for a variety of practical application scenarios. In this paper, the design strategies of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures in recent years are summarized, and the classification is made according to the spatial distribution of chiral molecules, including the distribution of chiral molecules on the shell, on the core and in the core-shell gap. Subsequently, the potential applications of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures in the fields of ultrasensitive sensing and chiral catalysis are further elaborated.
Although some important progress has been made in the study of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures, there are still major challenges for future research: 1) Although the chiral response signal of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures can be manipulated by designing structures or materials,However, more regulation is only aimed at specific targets. How to design chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures accurately according to the chiral response signal of the target, and further introduce multi-scale simulation for guidance, so as to serve related applications, is a problem that needs to be solved. 2) Chiral response signal is an important feature of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures, and the larger the chiral response signal, the stronger the application potential of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures. How to further improve the chiral response signal, which can combine plasmonic nanomaterials with asymmetric morphology and plasmonic core-shell nanostructures,It is still a challenge to design plasmonic core-shell nanostructures with strong chiral response signals by integrating the properties of plasmonic electromagnetic coupling, Coulomb interaction, aggregation enhancement effect, asymmetric magnetic and electric fields. 3) At present, although the transfer and amplification of chirality on plasma nanomaterials have been achieved through various methods and strategies, these strategies are often not universal; In addition, for practical applications with huge demand, only chiral plasmonic nanomaterials are not enough. Whether chirality can be transferred and amplified on other inorganic nanomaterials and whether other chiral inorganic nanomaterials can be designed will be the focus of future research. To sum up, it is hoped that this paper can promote the dynamic development of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures. We believe that with the continuous innovation of nanotechnology and the further study of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures, the application of chiral plasmonic core-shell nanostructures in various fields will achieve continuous breakthroughs and play an important role.

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