In order to provide the guidance and reference on protection, development and utilization of genetic resources to the local rare bovine species in China, the experience of conservation and utilization on Mishima Cattle in Japan was introduced. The formation process, production and reproductive performances in Mishima Cattle were systematically stated via visiting Yamaguchi University and the Technological Center of Agriculture and Forestry, Yamaguchi Prefecture in Japan, and referring the related data of Mishima Cattle. Mishima Cattle were designated as Japanese‘national natural treasure’in 1928, which was regarded as the oldest Japanese Cattle and the most important bovine resource in Japan. Mishima Cattle had the ability of topquality beef with‘flake meat’. Mishima bull (and/or frozen semen) crossed Holstein cows to produce the hybrids with high yield and high-quality beef. However, Mishima Cattle not only matured later, possessed small body size, low reproduction rate, but also had smaller population size and high inbreeding coefficient. It is practical that Mishima bull and/or frozen semen cross beef and dairy breeds to produce high-quality beef.