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Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Quality of Spring Tea Shoots
XIAOWenmin, RENZhihong, WUHuanhuan, ZHANGHong, SUNHaiwei, YANGShengxiang, LILong, SHANGTao
Journal of Agriculture ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (11) : 7-12.
PDF(1283 KB)
PDF(1283 KB)
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Quality of Spring Tea Shoots
The research aimed to explore the effects of different types of plant growth regulators and their concentration differences on the growth of spring tea shoots and tea quality, in order to provide theoretical support for high-quality and efficient spring tea production in Taishan tea area. With ‘Yujinxiang’ tea as test material, the changes and differences of chlorophyll content, leaf area, shoot length, 100-bud weight, bud density, unit yield and quality indexes of tea leaves were investigated and analyzed by different concentrations of gibberellin and Bihu growth regulator in the early stage of spring tea germination. The results showed that the effects of different plant growth regulators on the growth and quality of spring tea shoots were different. (1) Under the treatment of high concentration (75 mg/L) of gibberellin, the chlorophyll content was the highest, and the shoot length, leaf area, 100-bud weight and bud density were the most significant, but the contents of caffeine, total ash and tea polyphenols were also relatively high. (2) The effects of medium and low concentration (50, 25 mg/L) of gibberellin on the growth and quality indexes of tea shoots were lower than those of high concentration gibberellin treatment. (3) Under the treatment of plant growth regulator Bihu, which is frequently used in current production, it had a significant promoting effect on shoot length and leaf area, but it had a certain reducing effect on 100-bud weight and bud density. At the same time, it could promote the content of free amino acids and tea polyphenols, and reduce the content of caffeine and total ash, and the quality index was better. In the process of tea production, although the selection of gibberellin can increase the yield, it is not conducive to maintaining the quality of tea, while Bihu is conducive to the formation of tea quality, but it has little effect on increasing the yield. Therefore, in order to obtain high-quality and high-yield tea products, spraying plant growth regulators cannot be used as a single adjustment method.
plant growth regulator / spring tea / new shoot / yield / Taishan tea area / gibberellin / Bihu / tea quality
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【目的】探讨植物生长调节剂对大豆叶片和籽粒碳水化合物代谢及产量的影响，进一步从源库理论的角度挖掘调节剂增产的作用机理，为调节剂的应用提供依据。【方法】本研究于2013年和2014年在大田栽培条件下进行。以合丰50和垦丰16为材料，在始花期（R1期）叶面喷施60 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>促进型调节剂2－N，N－二乙氨基乙基己酸酯（DTA-6）和50 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>延缓型调节剂烯效唑（S<sub>3307</sub>），以喷施清水为对照（CK）。喷施调节剂后30 d开始第一次取样，以后每隔5 d取样一次，共取样5次。测定叶片和籽粒中蔗糖、淀粉、果糖含量及叶片中转化酶、蔗糖磷酸合酶（SPS）和蔗糖合酶（SS）活性。大豆成熟期测产。【结果】籽粒建成初期（喷施调节剂后30—35 d），S<sub>3307</sub>和DTA-6的叶片蔗糖、果糖和淀粉含量呈下降趋势；籽粒蔗糖、果糖和淀粉含量呈上升趋势，说明更多的碳水化合物用于籽粒的建成。籽粒建成中期（喷施调节剂后35—45 d），S<sub>3307</sub>的叶片蔗糖、果糖和淀粉含量一直呈上升趋势；S<sub>3307</sub>和DTA-6的籽粒蔗糖和果糖含量普遍高于CK，为籽粒灌浆提供了充分的物质保障。籽粒建成后期（喷施调节剂后50 d），S<sub>3307</sub>和DTA-6的叶片蔗糖含量达到最大，且与CK差异显著，S<sub>3307</sub>的叶片淀粉含量高于CK，DTA-6的叶片果糖含量高于CK；S<sub>3307</sub>和DTA-6显著提高了籽粒中蔗糖含量，S<sub>3307</sub>同时提高了2个品种籽粒果糖含量，而DTA-6降低了合丰50籽粒果糖含量；S<sub>3307</sub>和DTA-6提高了合丰50籽粒淀粉含量，降低了垦丰16籽粒淀粉含量，说明调节剂对不同的大豆品种调控效果存在差异。调节剂增加叶片蔗糖含量的同时，S<sub>3307</sub>和DTA-6提高了叶片SPS和SS活性；在多数测定时期内，显著降低了叶片转化酶活性。S<sub>3307</sub>和DTA-6协调了源库系统碳水化合物代谢的动态平衡。与清水对照（H-CK和K-CK）相比，调节剂处理H-S、H-D和K-S、K-D两年平均增产为20.07%、14.57%和10.54%、10.95%，增产极显著。相关分析得出，叶片蔗糖含量与叶片SPS、SS活性和淀粉含量呈正相关（0.893**、0.888**和0.981**），与叶片转化酶活性和果糖含量呈负相关（-0.872和-0.862）；同时与籽粒蔗糖、果糖和淀粉含量成正相关（0.918**、0.832和0.810）。由此可知，蔗糖是碳水化合物代谢的中心枢纽。【结论】S<sub>3307</sub>和DTA-6通过提高源端叶片SPS和SS活性，降低叶片转化酶活性，调控了不同大豆品种源库碳水化合物的生理代谢，显著提高了大豆产量，其中S<sub>3307</sub>的作用效果较好。
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