Climatic Characteristics of Summer High Temperature Weather in Middle of Hexi Corridor and Its Effects on Maize Production

YIN Xuelian; WANG Xing; GUO Pingping; YANG Huan

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0124

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Journal of Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (7) : 65-73. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0124

Climatic Characteristics of Summer High Temperature Weather in Middle of Hexi Corridor and Its Effects on Maize Production

YIN Xuelian ¹^,² ,
WANG Xing ³ ,
GUO Pingping ¹ ,
YANG Huan ¹

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Abstract

In this paper, the evolution characteristics (spatiotemporal distribution, persistence, intensity, etc.) of summer high temperature days and heat waves in the middle of Hexi Corridor were studied, and the effects on the growth and yield components of maize during the critical period were analyzed, providing theoretical foundations for the development of early warning of high temperature events, risk prediction, maize flowering and yield forecasting services in the region. Based on daily maximum air temperature data from June to August at meteorological stations in the middle of Hexi Corridor from 1961 to 2023, linear trend, Mann-Kendall test and other methods were used to reveal the frequency, process, intensity characteristics and evolution of high temperature weather, and to analyze the effects on the growth traits and yield components such as 100-seed weight of maize, the local dominant crop. The results indicated that high temperature weather in the middle of Hexi Corridor mainly occurred in the desert oasis from late July to early August. An abrupt change of high temperature weather took place in the late 1990s. About the number of (hazardous) high temperature days and heat waves, big interannual changes, massive occurrences in a short time and an upward trend were discovered. There was a significant negative correlation between the number of high temperature days and the spike period. The intervals between tasseling and silking stages in years with more high temperature days were equal or shorter than the climatological normal. In years with more high temperature days in the jointing-booting stage, the tasseling-silking stages were simultaneous or delayed compared to climatological normals. The number of high temperature days during and after the flowering stage was significantly negatively correlated with 100-seed weight (R=-0.8495). For every additional day, the 100-seed weight decreased by 1.345 grams. Finally, it is proposed to establish an intelligent agricultural monitoring network to predict disasters, carry out experiments on high temperature meteorological applicable technologies and screen high temperature resistant varieties to cope with high temperature risk, so as to ensure high quality and high yield of maize.

Key words

summer high temperature weather / characteristic analysis / maize / high temperature weather during the flowering stage / yield components / high temperature risk / the middle of Hexi Corridor

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YIN Xuelian , WANG Xing , GUO Pingping , et al. Climatic Characteristics of Summer High Temperature Weather in Middle of Hexi Corridor and Its Effects on Maize Production[J]. Journal of Agriculture. 2025, 15(7): 65-73 https://doi.org/10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0124

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【目的】阐明籽粒建成期高温胁迫持续时间对糯玉米籽粒产量和淀粉品质的影响，为糯玉米品质调优提供支持。【方法】以苏玉糯5号和渝糯7号为材料，人工辅助授粉后利用智能温室进行高温（35℃）胁迫处理，胁迫时间分别为花后1—5 d、1—10 d和1—15 d（DAP），研究其对糯玉米籽粒产量，籽粒淀粉和蛋白质含量，淀粉理化指标（粒度大小和分布、链长分布、晶体结构、糊化特性、热力学特性）的影响。【结果】籽粒建成期高温胁迫显著减少每穗粒数和降低籽粒粒重，进而导致产量损失。与对照相比，1—5、1—10、1—15 DAP高温胁迫下籽粒产量分别降低39.3%、47.4%和50.9%。高温胁迫使籽粒中蛋白质含量升高，淀粉含量降低。高温胁迫增加了淀粉粒平均粒径，且增幅随高温胁迫持续时间延长而逐渐降低。不同处理下淀粉最大吸收波长、晶体结构和回复值均呈典型的糯性特征。高温胁迫增加了淀粉中长链比例，且其在1—10 DAP高温胁迫下苏玉糯5号最高，渝糯7号最低。结晶度对高温胁迫持续时间的响应品种间、年度间有显著差异。1—10 DAP高温胁迫对糊化特征值无显著影响，1—5和1—15 DAP高温胁迫下峰值黏度、崩解值、谷值黏度、终值黏度和糊化温度显著增加，且峰值黏度、崩解值、谷值黏度增幅以1—15 DAP高温胁迫下较大。与对照相比，高温胁迫使热焓值降低，胶凝温度、回生热焓值和回生值升高。热焓值在1—5 DAP高温胁迫下最低，胶凝温度在1—5 DAP高温胁迫下最高，回生值在不同高温胁迫持续时间下无显著差异。【结论】籽粒产量在籽粒建成期高温胁迫下显著降低，降幅随胁迫持续时间延长逐渐增大。高温胁迫增加了籽粒蛋白含量、抑制了淀粉积累。高温胁迫通过增加淀粉平均粒径和淀粉中长链比例来影响淀粉糊化和热力学特性，1—15 DAP高温胁迫下淀粉峰值黏度和崩解值最高，回复值最低；1—10和1—15 DAP高温胁迫处理下的胶凝温度低于1—5 DAP，但回生值不同高温胁迫处理下无显著差异，但均高于对照。