In order to identify the species and dominant population structure of weeds in cherry orchard in Ili River Valley Area, this study adopted the inverted "W"-shaped nine-point sampling method to investigate the weed species in April and July 2022. The results showed that there were 37 species of weeds, belonging to 17 families and 34 genera, among which 4 species (10.8%) were grasses and 33 species (89.2%) were broad-leaved weeds. Among the broad-leaved weeds, Asteraceae had the most species, with 11 species accounting for 28.9% of the total species, and Leguminosae had 4 species, accounting for 10.8%. There were 18 species of perennial weeds, accounting for 39.4%; 15 species of overyear weeds, accounting for 40.54%; 4 annual weeds, accounting for 10.81%. There are 4 kinds of common weeds and 25 kinds of dominant weeds in the local cherry orchard. The main dominant weeds include 8 species such as Conyza canadensis, Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium, Setaria viridis, Chenopodium album, Eleusine indica, Amaranthus retroflexus, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum mongolicum. Based on the results of investigation, this study proposed a comprehensive grass control strategy of "spring prevention, summer treatment and autumn control". Green ecological control measures such as covering with materials, artificial grass planting and natural grass growth can be adopted to control the weeds in the cherry orchard of this area.