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Different Sweet Potato Varieties Planted in Salinized Soil: Comparison of Yield and Endogenous Hormone Contents
ZHANGXiaohong, YANZheng, WEIGuangbiao
Journal of Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (12) : 1-7.
PDF(1396 KB)
PDF(1396 KB)
Different Sweet Potato Varieties Planted in Salinized Soil: Comparison of Yield and Endogenous Hormone Contents
The study aimed to explore the differences of yield and endogenous hormone content of different sweet potato varieties under salinized soil conditions, in order to screen suitable varieties for planting in salinized soil and parent materials for breeding new salt tolerant varieties. 20 locally selected sweet potato varieties (lines) in Fujian Province were used as materials for adaptive planting experiments in salinized soil. After 60 days of planting, the endogenous hormone contents of sweet potato leaves and tubers were measured, and the tuber yield was measured after 140 days. The results showed that: (1) the varieties (lines) with sweet potato tuber yield of more than 30000 kg/hm2 in salinized soil included ‘Longshu 10’, ‘Fushu 604’, ‘R132’, ‘R106’, ‘Jinshan 57’, ‘Jinshu 20’, ‘Longshu 116’ and ‘funingzi 5’, which belonged to the high-yield type in salinized soil. The tuber yield decreased by less than 10% compared with the control, and the salt tolerance index was higher than 1.1, belonging to strong salt tolerant varieties (lines). (2) Correlation analysis showed that the tuber yield of different sweet potato varieties (lines) planted in salinized soil was significantly positively correlated with IAA, GA3 and ZR contents in leaves, and significantly negatively correlated with ABA content in leaves. It was extremely significantly positively correlated with IAA, GA3 and ZR content in tubers, and extremely significantly negatively correlated with ABA content in tubers. In conclusion, sweet potato varieties(lines) such as ‘Longshu 10’, ‘Fushu 604’, ‘R132’, ‘R106’, ‘Jinshan 57’, ‘Jinshu 20’, ‘Longshu 116’, and ‘Funingzi 5’ are suitable for planting in salinized soil and be used as parent materials for breeding new salt tolerant sweet potato varieties.
salinized soil / sweet potato / yield / endogenous hormone / IAA / GA3 / ZR / ABA
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【目的】探讨干旱胁迫下喷施生长调节剂对甘薯光合产物分配的影响以及对干旱胁迫的缓解效应。【方法】采用人工旱棚和旱池模拟薯块膨大高峰期（100—120 d）干旱胁迫,结合 <sup>13</sup>C标记方法,研究喷施6-苄氨基嘌呤（6-BA）、α-萘乙酸（NAA）和脱落酸（ABA）3种外源激素对甘薯干旱胁迫的缓解效应。测定甘薯叶片 <sup>13</sup>C积累量和分配率、内源激素含量、碳代谢酶活性、光合荧光特性等生理生化指标,并进行逐步回归分析、通径分析和RDA分析。【结果】与正常供水相比,干旱胁迫导致甘薯产量下降了18.76% （P＜0.05）,而喷施生长调节剂可以显著降低干旱胁迫条件下甘薯减产的幅度（P＜0.05）,喷施6-BA效果最佳,其次分别是喷施ABA和NAA。干旱胁迫下喷施生长调节剂可显著提高功能叶光合效率,从而促进薯块膨大期光合产物的合成。其中,喷施6-BA与喷清水处理相比,叶片净光合速率（Pn）提高了10.93%,最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）增加了20.00%。干旱喷施不同生长调节剂均能显著提高甘薯瞬时 <sup>13</sup>C积累量和向块根的分配率,6-BA处理分别提高了75.68%和27.68%,促进了光合产物（ <sup>13</sup>C）由叶片向块根中的转移和分配。此外,喷施生长调节剂可提高叶片碳代谢酶活性,喷施6-BA、NAA和ABA与喷清水处理相比,SS酶活性分别提高29.59%、19.25%和13.03%。喷施生长调节剂可以缓解因干旱引起的ZR和IAA含量下降,喷施6-BA与喷清水处理相比,ZR和IAA分别增加了18.72%和10.97%。逐步回归分析表明,光合特性、叶绿素荧光特性、碳代谢酶活性和内源激素是调控薯块膨大高峰期光合产物（ <sup>13</sup>C）分配的关键指标（R=0.997）;通径分析表明,对甘薯光合产物（ <sup>13</sup>C）由叶片向块根中转移与分配的影响直接作用系数较大的是Pn、SPS、ABA、ZR、SS和Fv/Fm。RDA分析表明,喷施6-BA与甘薯 <sup>13</sup>C总积累量、块根 <sup>13</sup>C分配率、ZR、Pn、Fv/Fm、SS和SPS具有很好的相关性。【结论】干旱胁迫下,喷施生长调节剂能提高内源激素含量和SPS、ADPGase为主的碳代谢酶活性,改善叶片光合特性,促进薯块膨大期光合产物（ <sup>13</sup>C）由叶片向块根转运,缓解干旱胁迫的影响。
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为探讨不同时期干旱胁迫下喷施外源植物激素对甘薯生理特性和产量的影响,明确喷施外源植物激素的最佳时期,在人工控水条件下研究了移栽后20(前期)、60(中期)和100 d(后期)干旱胁迫下喷施6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)、α-萘乙酸(NAA)和脱落酸(ABA)对甘薯内源激素含量、光合荧光特性和产量的影响。结果表明: 与喷清水相比,喷施外源植物激素均能显著提高甘薯产量,以6-BA增幅最大,其次是NAA和ABA;前期喷施效果好于中期和后期。不同时期干旱胁迫下,喷施外源植物激素可显著提高甘薯叶片的光合和叶绿素荧光参数,缓解因干旱引起的玉米素核糖核苷(ZR)和生长素(IAA)含量下降的现象。逐步回归分析表明,内源激素和光合特性是影响甘薯产量的关键指标。通径分析表明,前期干旱胁迫下喷施外源植物激素主要通过影响净光合速率(P<sub>n</sub>)、IAA、ZR、最大光化学效率和光化学性能指数来影响甘薯产量。生长前期喷施6-BA可调控甘薯内源激素含量,提高光合特性,有效缓解干旱造成的产量损失。
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以晋薯2号、紫花白、内薯3号为材料，系统研究了马铃薯生育期间块茎内源激素变化与块茎增大生长的关系，结果表明，ABA含量变化与块茎的增大呈极显着的正相关，与块茎增大速率变化呈极显着的负相关；GA<sub>3</sub>,IAA,CTK含量变化与块茎增大和块茎增大速率变化没有明显的相关性；GA<sub>3</sub>/ABA,IAA/ABA,CTK/ABA的变化与块茎增大呈较显着的负相关，与块茎增大速率变化呈较显着的正相关。生育前期GA<sub>3</sub>、IAA含量高而ABA含量低的品种，块茎形成早，增大快，块茎大。
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