Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is one of the popular fruits worldwide, and its quality is mainly determined by key metabolites (sugars, flavonoids and vitamins). Previous works on kiwifruit are mostly done via a single omics approach or involve only limited metabolites. Consequently, the dynamic metabolomes during kiwifruit development and ripening and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, using high-resolution metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses, we investigated kiwifruit metabolic landscapes at 11 different developmental and ripening stages and revealed a parallel classification of 515 metabolites and their co-expressed genes into 10 distinct metabolic vs gene modules (MM vs GM). Through integrative bioinformatics coupled with functional genomic assays, we constructed a global map and uncovered essential transcriptomic and transcriptional regulatory networks for all major metabolic changes that occurred throughout the kiwifruit growth cycle. Apart from known MM vs GM for metabolites such as soluble sugars, we identified novel transcription factors that regulate the accumulation of procyanidins, vitamin C and other important metabolites. Our findings thus shed light on the kiwifruit metabolic regulatory network and provide a valuable resource for the designed improvement of kiwifruit quality.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

利用181个地理分布调查数据，基于ArcGIS对中华猕猴桃的目前分布进行空间重建，利用MaxEnt生态位模型对中华猕猴桃在中国的适生性及其未来气候变化下潜在可扩散地理范围进行了模拟与预测，分析中华猕猴桃在中国的适生性和扩散潜力及其空间格局，在未来气候变化背景下，预测中华猕猴桃当代及未来至2050年适生区分布格局变化。结果表明：中华猕猴桃当前的潜在适生区主要分布在23°―35°N之间和102°E以东的中亚热带山地丘陵区，如秦岭―大巴山、云贵高原、罗霄山脉―南岭和武夷山脉等地区。中华猕猴桃在当前气候条件下适生区总面积为2 382 381 km²，占中国版图的25.19%，在中等温室气体排放（RCP4.5）情景下预测至2050年，适生区总面积相对当前气候情景略有减少，但空间分布格局变化强烈。预测结果表明：在未来气候变暖影响下，中华猕猴桃潜在适生区具有向北或高纬度地区迁移的趋势。

Grape berries attacked by Lobesia botrana larvae are more easily infected by Aspergillus section Nigri (black aspergilli) ochratoxigenic species. Two-year field trials were carried out in Apulia (Italy) to evaluate a bioinsecticide control strategy against L. botrana and the indirect effect on reducing ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in vineyards. A commercial Bacillus thuringiensis formulate and an experimental Beauveria bassiana (ITEM-1559) formulate were tested in two vineyards cultivated with the same grape variety, Negroamaro, but with two different training systems (espalier and little-arbor techniques). In both years and training systems the treatments by B. bassiana ITEM-1559 significantly controlled L. botrana larvae attacks with effectiveness similar to B. thuringensis (more than 20%). A significant reduction of OTA concentrations (up to 80% compared to untreated controls) was observed only in the first year in both training systems, when the metereological parameters prior to harvest were more favorable to the insect attack. Results of field trials showed that B. bassiana ITEM-1559 is a valid bioinsecticide against L. botrana and that grape moth biocontrol is a strategy to reduce OTA contamination in vineyard in seasons with heavy natural infestation.