In this study, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of two water-saving practices—partial root-zone drying (PRD) and deficit irrigation (DI)—on potato growth and yield in comparison with full irrigation (FI). The required FI amount was applied to the potato plants to enable 100% crop evapotranspiration, and the plants received 70% and 50% of the irrigation amount of FI for DI (DI70 and DI50) and PRD (PRD70 and PRD50), respectively. The physiological characteristics of the potatoes during the 2014–2015 seasons indicated that the relative chlorophyll contents were not significantly higher for the DI and PRD treatments than for the FI treatment. The DI50 had the lowest net photosynthesis rate (p < 0.05) while DI50 and PRD50 had significantly lower stomatal conductance (gs) values in both years. Meanwhile, the values of the PRD treatments were lower than those of DI treatments based on the transpiration rates. The xylem (abscisic acid) based on PRD50 had an average increase of 0.38 mol/m2 s due to decreasing gs values compared with other water-saving irrigation treatments. However, the FI and DI treatments had increased fresh tuber yields compared with the yields of PRD treatments. Furthermore, the PRD70 and PRD50 treatments significantly reduced the water productivity (WP) values by 30.16% and 41.32%, respectively, relative to that of FI.

In many areas of the world, water shortages prevail and threaten food production. Deficit irrigation was commonly investigated in dry areas as a precious and sustainable production approach. Using the CropSyst model to simulate the effects of different deficit irrigation treatments could help draw conclusions and save time, effort, and money. Therefore, the aims of this research were (i) to calibrate and validate the CropSyst model for wheat under different sustained and phenological stage-based deficit irrigation treatments, (ii) to simulate the impacts of the latter treatments on limiting wheat yield reduction. Two field experiments were conducted in Nubaria (Egypt), representing an arid environment. They included seven irrigation treatments: (1) 100%, (2) 75%, or (3) 50% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) during the whole crop cycle; (4) 50% ETc at tillering only, or (5) at booting only, or (6) at grain filling only, or (7) at both tillering and grain filling, with the replenishment of 100% ETc to the treatments (4) to (7) in the remaining phenological stages. The results revealed that phenological stage-based deficit irrigation of wheat resulted in lower yield reduction compared to sustained deficit irrigation treatments, with a 6% yield reduction when 50% ETc was applied at the booting stage. Wheat yield loss was reduced to 4 or 6% when 95 or 90% of ETc were applied, respectively. The CropSyst model accurately simulated wheat grain and total dry matter under deficit irrigation with low RMSE value. In conclusion, the CropSyst model can be reliably used for evaluating the strategy of planned deficit irrigation management in terms of wheat production under the arid environment.

Deficit irrigation or intentional under-irrigation offers the potential for sustainable water resources management. The DSSAT CERES-Maize and AquaCrop models were coupled to simulate the effects of deficit irrigation on corn yield and water productivity. The models were calibrated and validated using observed values of crop and biomass yield under 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% depletion of the available soil water. Model simulation results showed that a 15% level of deficit irrigation results in maximum yield while a 60% level of deficit irrigation leads to maximum water productivity. Results suggest that it is not necessary to use large amounts of water in order to obtain high crop yield. The net irrigation application depths ranged from 60 mm to 134 mm, with a depth of 77 mm as optimum under 60% deficit irrigation when applied at the start of tasseling to grain filling. This study demonstrated the applicability of deficit irrigation as a water-saving management strategy for corn production systems. Crop models such as DSSAT CERES-Maize and AquaCrop proved to be viable tools to support decision making in corn production systems in the Philippines, especially when employing deficit irrigation.

西北地区光热土资源丰富，区域食物安全的可持续发展主要受限于其有限的水资源。本文以水足迹和虚拟水为分析工具，评估了西北地区作物生产用水效率、水资源压力和作物虚拟水输出情况。基于国际化绿色化背景，以及西北地区粮食生产及农业用水的预测结果，提出逐步减少区域农业用水总量，优化调整作物种植结构和实施丝路经济带虚拟水工程，以期为区域水资源合理利用和食物安全战略的制定提供参考。

\n Three levels of water deficit generated by 3 levels of irrigation applied at times of rapid vegetative growth and/or slow fruit growth were compared to determine their suitability for restricting vegetative growth on 5-year-old ‘Bartlett’ pear (\n Prunus communis\n L.) trees trained to a Tatura Trellis. For the period of Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI), the amount of water applied replaced 92%, 47%, and 23% of the evaporation calculated over the planting square (Eps). In the subsequent period of rapid fruit growth until harvest, all trees were irrigated with 150% Eps to ensure that the wetting pattern from the trickle system wetted the entire root zone. Shoot and frame growth declined in proportion to the water deficit. Fruit tended to grow more slowly on the 23% than 46% treatment during RDI, but growth on the 46% and 92% Eps treatments was similar. In the subsequent period of full irrigation, fruit growth initially was significantly faster on the RDI treatments, and the same trend was maintained for most of the remainder of fruit growth. The net result was that yield was marginally increased RDI treatments. In the subsequent season, flowering was increased on trees recieving RDI in the previous season.\n

为了揭示不同覆膜模式下调亏灌溉对土壤温度、玉米生长和产量的影响效应,于2021年在兰州市永登县试验站基地开展玉米覆膜与调亏灌溉试验,设计覆盖普通白色地膜(M1)、黑色地布(M2)、生物降解膜(M3)、液态地膜(M4)4种覆膜模式,设置充分灌溉(D1)和轻度水分胁迫(D2)2种补充灌溉制度,共8个处理。以普通白色地膜覆盖结合充分灌溉(D1M1)为对照,分析各处理对土壤温度、玉米生长和产量的影响。结果表明:普通白色地膜(M1)增温效果最好,液态地膜(M4)增温效果最差;相同覆膜模式下,不同水分胁迫处理间土壤温度差异不显著。不同覆膜模式对玉米生长和产量等影响有所不同,轻度水分胁迫对玉米产量影响不显著,覆膜模式和水膜交互作用对玉米产量影响极显著(P＜0.01),表现为覆膜模式的影响大于水膜交互作用的影响。D2M1(白色地膜覆盖结合轻度水分胁迫)处理产量最高,为19 761.32 kg/hm²,显著高于其他处理。D1M3(生物降解膜覆盖结合充分供水)处理产量稍高于对照,考虑环境友好因素D1M3种植模式有利于灌区可持续发展。

为了确立河西走廊干旱半干旱绿洲农业马铃薯科学种植的最佳灌溉策略,通过大田试验研究了调亏灌溉对绿洲膜下滴灌马铃薯全生育期不同器官生物量分配、产量和水分利用的影响。根据马铃薯不同生育期进行不同程度的水分调亏设5个水分调亏处理和1个对照,分别为块茎形成期轻度(55%～65%田间持水量,FC,Field capacity)水分调亏处理WD1,块茎膨大期轻度(55%～65%FC)水分调亏处理WD2,淀粉积累期轻度(55%～65%FC)调亏处理WD3,块茎形成期中度(45%～55%FC)调亏处理WD4,膨大期中度(45%～55%FC)水分调亏处理WD5及全生育期充分(65%～75%)供水对照CK。研究结果表明:不同生育期水分调亏均可导致马铃薯茎、叶干质量降低,块茎干质量在整个生育期呈逐步上升趋势,块茎形成期调亏处理复水后各器官干质量明显增大,块茎膨大期调亏处理复水后块茎干质量增长缓慢,茎和叶干质量开始下降。块茎形成期轻度水分调亏和中度水分调亏对马铃薯产量影响较小,而块茎膨大期水分调亏对马铃薯薯块产量影响较大,调亏程度越大,减产越严重。马铃薯不同生育期水分调亏对阶段耗水量影响较大,调亏程度越大,耗水量较充分灌溉差异越显著(P<0.05)。块茎形成期轻度调亏处理(WD1)水分利用效率最高,比全生育期充分供水处理(CK)、淀粉积累期轻度调亏处理(WD3)和块茎膨大期中度调亏处理(WD5)分别提高14.3%,30.00%,38.00%。因此,马铃薯膜下滴灌调亏可影响各器官干物质质量,有利于水分利用效率的提高。且相较于全生育期充分供水处理CK,块茎形成期轻度调亏在产量略有降低(降低5.30%)的情况下能够显著性提高水分利用效率(提高14.3%)和灌溉水分利用效率(提高18.51%)。

叶片气体交换参数是作物产量形成的生理基础,其中光合速率和蒸腾速率决定了叶片水分利用效率,对作物抗旱节水研究具有重要意义。在定西和武威两个试验站进行春小麦盆栽水分模拟试验,设置对照（CK）、持续干旱（WS）、中旱（40%FC）和重旱（30%FC）4组处理,分析不同水分条件下春小麦叶片气体交换参数和水分利用效率（WUE_inst）的变化特点及其相关特征。结果表明：（1） 持续干旱胁迫下,春小麦的土壤日耗水量、光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均呈先快后慢的下降趋势,达到中旱和重旱水平时相比CK分别减小了71%和76%、39%和60%、57%和66%、60%和77%,受影响程度为：气孔导度>蒸腾速率>光合速率,胞间CO₂浓度在轻旱-中旱时下降,中旱后期降幅达33%,之后呈上升趋势,WUE_inst在轻旱-中旱阶段上升,中旱后期时增加41%,之后下降,相比于CK,轻-重度胁迫会提高WUE_inst,极度干旱则使之降低;（2） 当水分胁迫维持在中旱或重旱水平时,以上各指标均会维持在持续干旱达到相同干旱等级时对应的值附近,且中旱时值均高于重旱时的数值（PWUE_inst在水分充足—持续干旱胁迫时均以蒸腾速率为主导因子,而当胁迫维持在中旱或重旱时其受叶片气体交换参数的调控作用不明显。本研究结果可为作物在不同干旱阶段和情形下采取适当措施进行抗旱节水提供参考依据。

This study was conducted at the Yimin Irrigation Experiment Station, Minle County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province, from April to October in 2019 and 2020. The relationship between water consumption and yield of potato at different stages of fertility under deficit-regulated irrigation was analyzed in a field trial study over two growing seasons. The results showed that the average annual water consumption in the tuber bulking stage was the largest, reaching 185.35~239.52 mm, followed by the average annual water consumption in the tuber initiation stage and starch accumulation stage, which were 100.02~132.30 mm and 82.48~112.36 mm, respectively, and the average annual water consumption in the seedling stage was the least, at 49.32~69.81 mm. Simultaneously, the average annual yield of potatoes in the treatment of WD1 was the highest, reaching 47,766.96 kg·hm−2, followed by CK, which was 43,707.6 kg·hm−2, and the yield of WD6 was the smallest in the treatment of moderate water deficit during tuber initiation, which was only 35,721.25 kg·hm−2. Combining the four moisture production function models of Jensen, Minhas, Blank and Stewart, the Jensen and Stewart models were identified as suitable for the potato moisture production function in a cold and arid environment. The water production function model was used to investigate the relationship between water consumption and yield in each growth period of potato, and to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of the irrigation system under deficit-regulating irrigation conditions for potato in this irrigation area.

为了探究不同田间持水量对马铃薯根系生长的影响,提高西北地区马铃薯产量。于2018在大田遮雨棚内进行,以马铃薯品种海斯薯为试验材料,采用膜下滴灌的灌溉方式。根据不同田间持水量梯度设置6个处理(分别为T1:85%~95%、T2:75%~85%、T3:65%~75%、T4:55%~65%、T5:45%~55%和T6:不灌水处理),研究不同田间持水量对马铃薯根系特性、产量及其相关性的影响。结果表明,随着田间持水量的下降根系分布逐渐加深,在田间持水量大于45%,根系主要分布在垄面0~10 cm处;当田间持水量小于45%时,根系主要分布在垄侧20~40 cm处。持水量高于65%处理下的块茎产量和大薯率高于其他处理,补偿效应显著(P&lt;0.05);其中,持水量75%~85%处理下产量最高,平均产量为884.06 g/株,较T6处理增产257.61%。相关性分析发现,田间持水量与垄面根长、根表面积、大薯率和块茎产量呈显著(P&lt;0.05)正相关,垄面根系长度和表面积与马铃薯块茎产量显著正相关(P&lt;0.05)。综上所述,田间持水量大于65%时,能显著提高垄面的根长、根表面积和产量,其中,持水量75%~85%处理下产量最高。