目的 MYB80是拟南芥和水稻中的一个花粉壁形成关键调节因子，探究番茄中同源基因SlMYB80的功能并鉴定其转录激活结构域，为进一步丰富MYB转录因子对番茄雄性不育系基因资源提供理论依据。 方法 以栽培番茄‘Moneymaker’为野生型材料，以其花苞cDNA为模板克隆SlMYB80基因。利用花椰菜花叶病毒CaMV 35s启动子驱动SlMYB80编码区（CDS）与绿色荧光蛋白eGFP编码序列融合，用于检测SlMYB80蛋白亚细胞定位。同时，将该基因编码区分成4个片段，分别连接酵母表达载体pGTBKT7，与pGTADT7共转酵母进行互作试验以确定其转录激活结构域。此外，构建拟南芥MS188（Male Sterile 188）/AtMYB80启动子驱动SlMYB80 CDS的融合双元载体pAtMYB80：SlMYB80并互补拟南芥ms188突变体，探究SlMYB80的生物学功能。 结果 MYB80氨基酸序列比对和进化树结果表明，MYB80的氨基酸序列在陆生植物中十分保守，特别是R2R3 DNA结合结构域区域；烟草亚细胞定位试验表明，SlMYB80-eGFP定位于细胞核。酵母互作试验表明，SlMYB80转录激活结构域位于肽链C末端17个氨基酸残基；拟南芥ms188突变体互补结果表明，在转基因互补突变体植株的花苞中表达SlMYB80基因，能使部分花粉正常形成，从而恢复部分育性。 结论 SlMYB80作为拟南芥MS188/AtMYB80的直系同源基因编码一个R2R3 MYB转录因子定位于细胞核中，其多肽链C末端17个氨基酸为激活结构域，能部分互补ms188突变体花粉败育的表型，揭示了MYB80转录因子功能的保守性。

The characteristics of the growing environment (arid and semi-arid regions with abundant light), wastage of water, types of fertilizers used, quality of the plants, and the decline in yield due to the need for large quantities of water and fertilizers are the most significant obstacles to wolfberry cultivation. To cope with the scarcity of water caused by the increase in the area of wolfberry cultivation and to improve the efficiency of the utilization of water and fertilizers, a two-year field experiment was conducted in a typical area of the central dry zone of Ningxia in 2021 and 2022. The effects of different water and nitrogen coupling on the physiology, growth, quality, and yield of wolfberry were investigated, and a water and nitrogen management model with better indicators was constructed based on the TOPSIS model and a comprehensive scoring method. In the experiment, three irrigation quotas of 2,160, 2,565, and 2,970 m3 ha–1 (I1, I2, and I3) and three N applications of 165, 225, and 285 kg ha–1 (N1, N2, and N3) were established; the local conventional management served as the control (CK). The results showed that the growth index of wolfberry was most significantly affected by irrigation, followed by the water and nitrogen interaction effect, and the nitrogen application had the least effect. The growth and development of wolfberry plants mainly takes place during the fruit ripening and flowering periods, and growth almost stops after entering the fruit ripening period. The chlorophyll (SPAD) values were affected by irrigation and nitrogen application to a significant level, except for during the spring tip period, but the effect of water and nitrogen interaction was not significant. The SPAD values of N2 treatment were better under different irrigation. The daily photosynthetic activity of wolfberry leaves peaked between 10:00 am and noon. The daily photosynthetic dynamics of wolfberry were affected by irrigation and nitrogen application to a significant level during the fruit ripening period, and the transpiration rate and leaf water use efficiency were affected by water and nitrogen interaction to a significant level during 8:00 am and noon, while the effect was not significant during the spring tip period. The yield, dry-to-fresh ratio, and 100 grain weight of wolfberry were significantly affected by the irrigation, nitrogen application, and their interaction effects. Specifically, the two-year yield with I2N2 treatment increased by 7.48% and 3.73%, respectively, compared to CK. The quality indices were significantly affected by irrigation and nitrogen application, except for the total sugars; other indexes were also significantly affected by water and nitrogen interaction effects. The evaluation of the TOPSIS model showed that the I3N1 treatment yielded the best quality of wolfberry, and the results of the integrated scoring method based on the growth, physiology, yield, and quality indicators and water-saving objectives showed that the I2N2 (2,565 m3 ha-1, 225 kg ha-1) treatment was the optimal water and nitrogen management mode for drip-irrigated wolfberry. Our findings provide a scientific basis for the optimal irrigation and management of fertilization of wolfberry in arid regions.

试验设置固定隔沟灌和交替隔沟灌两种灌溉方式，每种灌溉方式设置2个灌水水平和2个施氮水平，共8个处理，展开不同水氮组合对温室番茄品质影响的研究。结果表明：追肥前番茄叶片光合速率日变化呈“双峰”曲线，追肥后出现“双峰”和“单峰”两种曲线。追肥前后番茄的蒸腾速率日变化均呈“单峰”曲线。追肥前，交替隔沟灌均能提高番茄叶片的光合速率和蒸腾速率，高水处理表现的更显著。追肥后，交替隔沟灌比固定隔沟灌能显著提高番茄叶片的蒸腾速率，交替隔沟灌高水或固定隔沟灌低肥处理均可明显提高番茄的蒸腾速率。

The purpose of this study was to explore the carbon and nitrogen metabolism mechanisms of sand-cultivated cucumbers under different deficit irrigation–nitrogen management strategies and provide a theoretical basis for their greenhouse management. This study set up two factors, the deficit irrigation level and the nitrogen application rate, and conducted an experiment on deficit irrigation–nitrogen coupling of sand-cultivated cucumbers using a quadratic saturation D–optimal design. Seven treatments were set up in the experiment, to measure the soluble sugar and protein contents, as well as the activity of key enzymes for carbon and nitrogen metabolism at five different growth stages. The results indicate that the 80% irrigation with 623 kg N hm−2 (IN4) treatment significantly improved the soluble sugar, protein, and actual leaf nitrogen contents of cucumber at the five different growth stages and, as a result, achieved higher sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities in the cucumber leaves. Furthermore, such improvements were due to the reduction in oxidative damage of sand–cultivated cucumber at various growth stages. The IN4 and 89% irrigation with 1250 kg N hm−2 (IN5) treatments significantly increased the activities of RuBisCO, catalase (CAT), peroxidise (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) at various growth stages of sand-cultivated cucumber. The higher activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthase (GS), acid invertase enzyme (AIE), neutral invertase enzyme (NIE), and better antioxidative enzyme activities were recorded under the IN4 treatments at various growth stages, which effectively improve (69.6%) cucumber yield. The soil properties, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and antioxidant metabolism were positively correlated with sand-cultivated cucumber yield in a greenhouse. We concluded that the IN4 treatment was the better deficit irrigation–nitrogen management strategy because it considerably improves carbon and nitrogen metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activities, and sand–cultivated cucumber yield in a greenhouse.

为了解现阶段作物水氮耦合效应研究进展，给之后深入研究水氮耦合效应机制提供理论基础，本文总结了水氮耦合效应对土壤物理性状、营养元素在土壤中的有效性、土壤酶活性、光合性能、生理代谢、植株地上及地下部分生长发育及产质量等方面的影响，并指出了现阶段水氮耦合效应研究存在的不足，包括水氮耦合受生态环境的影响、水氮利用效率差异机制、水氮调控生理及分子机制，以及水氮耦合高效管理模型等方面均有待于进一步深入研究，同时对今后在本领域的研究工作进行了展望，以期为日后加强节水节肥技术的应用提供参考。

于2006-2007年在大田条件下对灌水、施氮量和水氮互作对2个不同类型的冬小麦品种石新733和石麦15叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率的影响进行了研究。结果表明，适量施氮对提高小麦叶片叶绿素含量及光合速率效果明显。水氮耦合对叶绿素含量和光合速率具有类似的效应：灌拔节1水条件下，叶绿素含量及光合速率随施氮量的增高而增高；灌拔节、开花2水条件下；两品种旗叶叶绿素合成对施氮量需求呈现显著下降趋势，施氮量过高反而不利于叶绿素合成和光合速率的提高，石麦15表现更为明显；灌开花水可以延缓花后20.d后旗叶叶绿素的降解，但这一效应随着施氮量的增高而降低，石麦15表现尤其明显。叶绿素含量较低的品种石麦15在灌1水条件下叶绿素含量和光合速率在花后6～15 d呈显著正相关。石新733以春灌2水施纯氮20.kg/hm²，石麦15以春灌2水施纯氮120.kg/hm²叶绿素含量和光合速率最高。

为探究日光温室基质栽培番茄适宜的水、氮管理模式，以STP-F318番茄为试材，磷、钾肥施用量固定，在生育期内设置3个滴灌水平（W1~W3分别为4 646.25 mm/hm2、3 097.50 mm/hm2、1 548.75 mm/hm2）和6个氮肥梯度（F1~F6分别为572.42 kg/hm2、542.30 kg/hm2、512.17 kg/hm2、482.04 kg/hm2、451.91 kg/hm2、0 kg/hm2），以常规农户土栽水、氮管理（7 650.00 mm/hm2、600.00 kg/hm2）为对照（CK），探讨了水肥一体化条件下水氮耦合对日光温室基质栽培番茄的光合特性、品质和产量等影响。 结果表明：适宜的水氮耦合能显著提高叶片SPAD值和净光合速率，其中SPAD值以W1F4处理最大，为44.83；W1F2处理净光合速率最大，为16.69 μmol/s2·m。同时，各处理显著改善番茄果实品质，Vc含量以W1F3处理最高，为30.46 mg/100 g FW，较CK增加17.61%，与其他处理间差异显著。番茄红素含量与Vc含量变化趋势一致，为5.21~7.80 mg/100 g FW。有机酸含量较CK有降低的趋势。W3F2、W1F1和W1F3处理糖酸比分别为8.25、8.26、8.85，口感较佳。产量以W1F2处理最高,为170 985.48 kg/hm2，较CK增产27.73%。氮肥农学利用率（NAE）与水分利用率（WUE）分别以W1F4、W3F4处理为最高，为87.34%、96.64 kg/mm·hm2。综合分析认为，水氮耦合利于改善番茄品质，提高番茄产量和水氮利用率，生育期内滴灌4 646.25 mm/hm2、追施氮肥542.30 kg/hm2是基质栽培番茄较为理想的水氮管理模式。

研究了2种灌水量(W)和3种施氮(N)量对日光温室番茄产量和土壤中水、N利用率的影响,结果表明:施N量对番茄产量的影响大于灌水量,两因素间存在交互作用。施N量和灌水量均可显著影响土壤水分利用率(WUE_Y)。灌水量较多时(4 541.0 m³ /hm²),WUE_Y随着施N量的增加而增加,但差异不显著;而灌水量较少(2 270.5m3 /hm²)时,追施少量N肥(373.77 kg/hm²)即可显著提高WUE_Y;在施N量相同的前提下,加大灌水量可显著降低WUE_Y。在灌水量相同的情况下,随着施N量的增加,N素损失率显著增加;在施N量相同的情况下,不同的灌水量对N素损失率影响不显著。

【目的】 验证黄沙基质优势与种植效果,研究物联网水肥一体化技术对温室番茄产量与品质的影响,为西北地区沙漠绿洲农业建设提供技术支持。【方法】 选用世佳1812、1814、1867三个番茄品系F₁代为供试材料,以袋式黄沙基质水肥一体化系统模式对番茄植株进行栽培管理,统计分析温室番茄产量品质参数,利用隶属函数法对3个番茄品系综合性评价。【结果】 3个世佳番茄品系实收产量介于134.0~146.3 t/hm²,均已达到温室番茄高产水平。果实营养品质处于中高等水平,糖酸比均在7.71以上,很适合做水果番茄,经模糊数学算得世佳1812综合品质最高。【结论】 袋式黄沙基质作为番茄种植的替代基质,可降低土壤环境病虫害及次生盐渍化发生的几率,黄沙基质与水肥一体化技术组配合适宜,使番茄产量与品质有保证。