收集全国三叶木通种质资源73份，测量各种质16个生物学性状，运用SPSS软件对各形态指标进行方差分析和主成分分析，并对各种质进行聚类分析.方差分析结果表明，描述果实的各指标变异幅度最大，各种质间果实差异较大.主成分分析把16种形态学指标归结为果实因子、叶片因子、种子因子、果肉因子4个主成分.聚类分析把73份种质资源分为5大类.为三叶木通种质资源的收集整理以及优良种质的选育提供了重要的形态学依据.

纵观千百年来人类驯化成功的作物，不论是驯化栽培历史较为久远的如小麦、玉米、水稻、苹果、李、葡萄等，还是驯化栽培史较近的如猕猴桃、蓝莓、草莓等，均经历了人类长期不断的选择和栽培实践。本文以史为鉴，概要梳理并分析了植物驯化改良的历程，并重点以 20 世纪百年的果树驯化案例，探讨了本世纪野生果树植物驯化的思考和路径。

为探讨浙江省地方芋种质资源的遗传多样性,并挖掘特异芋种质,对25份浙江省地方芋种质资源进行调查鉴定,对15个表型性状进行了遗传多样性分析、主成分分析、表型性状与简单重复序列(SSR)标记相结合的聚类分析。结果表明,浙江省芋种质遗传多样性丰富,变异系数与多样性指数均值分别为31.32%与0.97。主成分分析显示,前5个主成分累积特征值为10.871,累计贡献率为77.649%,主成分1反映了多子芋株型综合因子,主成分2反映了芋叶形状综合因子,主成分3反映了母芋形状综合因子,主成分4、5分别代表母芋表皮棕毛、母芋颜色因子;另外,孙芋形状、母芋芽色、叶心色斑颜色、叶柄中下部颜色、母芋表皮棕毛可作为芋种质鉴别优先观测的形态性状指标。基于表型性状的聚类在遗传距离4.171处可将所有种质分为5个类别,其中第Ⅲ类与第Ⅴ类的子孙芋形状均为卵圆,商品性好。此外,在20份多子芋中还挖掘出2份紫红柄特异芋种质。20对SSR引物在所有资源中扩增共获得53个条带,具有多态性的条带为48条,多态性比率为90.6%,多态信息含量(PIC值)为0.22~0.64;SSR分子标记聚类在DICE遗传相似系数0.721处将所有种质分为5个类别,与表型性状聚类结果有类似之处,但又有所不同。2种不同的聚类方式在芋种质资源的鉴别中具有互补作用,均表明了亲缘关系的远近与地理来源并无直接关系。上述结果将为芋种质资源进一步保护、利用与创新提供重要的理论基础。

Persimmons (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) are a characteristic Chinese fruit and account for a large planting area in China. The evaluation and selection of persimmons that are astringent without softening play an important role in modern breeding programs. However, the phenotypic variability and diversity of some representative traits in the natural population of persimmon germplasm without softening are still unclear. In this study, 56 traits from 150 samples of D. kaki collected in East Asia were used to evaluate phenotypes and correlations using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The results show that the mean coefficient of variation for the persimmon germplasm traits was 26.19%, and significant variations in phenotypic traits were observed. The frequency distribution maps of most of the characteristics showed obvious normal distribution characteristics. The analysis of the correlations between the traits showed that the most significant positive correlations had correlation coefficients close to 0.7. For example, seed width was highly and significantly correlated with fruit longitudinal and transverse width (0.796 and 0.786), and pith height was highly and significantly correlated with seed length (0.816). Moreover, the correlations between fruit traits and support traits, such as those related to the fruit handle and sepals, were significant, and the coefficients of the correlations between sepal width and fruit traits were 0.671 to 0.739. Fruit water content was negatively correlated with the soluble solids content (−0.623). Principal component analysis reduced 38 traits to 8 principal components, explaining 82.459% of the total variations, which were related to fruit size, seed, pith, color, fruit hardness, and soluble solid content; thus, persimmon germplasm could be divided into three major categories according to the sizes and shapes of the traits, and the first cluster was divided into two subcategories. The first subclass of fruits is medium size and shape; the second subclass of fruits is small in all traits; the second cluster is of high-quality and large fruits, optimal in all traits; and the third cluster is of medium to high-quality and oblate fruits. The results of this study are important for genetic improvement, diversity conservation, and resource utilization regarding persimmons and further research in this regard.