2024 , Vol. 14 >Issue 4: 58 - 65
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0104
Status of Nutrients Abundance & Deficiency and Spatial-temporal Variability of Tobacco Planting Soil in Luliang County
Received date: 2023-04-19
Revised date: 2023-06-19
Online published: 2024-04-17
To investigate the evolution and distribution of soil nutrients in tobacco-growing areas, 450 soil samples were collected in Luliang County. The classical statistical methods were used in combination with geostatistical and geographic information technology to analyze the abundance and deficiency and spatial-temporal variation of soil nutrients. The results showed that the average values of soil pH, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of tobacco-planting soil in Luliang County were pH 6.01, 2.64%, 108.47 mg/kg, 41.69 mg/kg and 200.93 mg/kg, respectively. Except for the medium variation of pH, other nutrients were belonged to strong variation. The contents of pH, organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were appropriate, but the proportions of soil pH, soil organic matter and nitrogen fertilizer needed increasing were 37.42%, 27.62% and 37.64%, respectively. At the same time, the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were rich, and the proportion of rich and suitable ranges reached 89.09% and 83.07% respectively. There were no significant differences in pH and organic matter among years, but they showed decreasing trends. There was significant difference in alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. There were significant differences in available phosphorus and available potassium and showed tendency to decrease and later increase. The spatial distribution pattern of pH value showed a transition from low in the west to suitable in east, then slightly higher in the north and the south. Organic matter gradually increased from the west to the central and then to the east. The area of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the range of 90-120 mg/kg and the available phosphorus in the high and very high range were the largest, respectively. The available potassium gradually increased from the west to the east. The spatial variation of pH, available phosphorus and available potassium were mainly caused by human factors.
HAN Jiabao , DONG Yu , NONG Shangjian , JIN Jiaquan , FENG Yonghong , ZHANG Yan , GAO Qiumei , ZHANG Yanyan , LI Kai , GAO Siyuan , ZHANG Guohong , LI Xiaoting . Status of Nutrients Abundance & Deficiency and Spatial-temporal Variability of Tobacco Planting Soil in Luliang County[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2024 , 14(4) : 58 -65 . DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0104
表1 植烟土壤养分分级标准 |
等级 | pH | 有机质/% | 碱解氮/ (mg/kg) | 有效磷/ (mg/kg) | 速效钾/ (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
很高 | >7.5 | >4.0 | >150 | >40 | >200 |
高 | 6.5~7.5 | 3.0~4.0 | 120~150 | 20~40 | 150~200 |
适宜 | 5.5~6.5 | 2.0~3.0 | 90~120 | 10~20 | 100~150 |
低 | 4.5~5.5 | 1.0~2.0 | 60~90 | 5~10 | 50~100 |
很低 | <4.5 | <1.0 | <60 | <5 | <50 |
表2 陆良烟区植烟土壤养分特征总体描述统计 |
项目 | 时间 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 峰度 | 偏度 | CV/% | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 2008年 | 6.23a | 1.12 | 4.44 | 8.30 | -1.08 | 0.32 | 17.93 | ||||||||
2014年 | 5.99a | 0.74 | 4.73 | 7.66 | -0.82 | 0.10 | 13.48 | |||||||||
2021年 | 5.92a | 1.01 | 3.95 | 8.14 | -0.99 | 0.19 | 17.10 | |||||||||
合计 | 6.01 | 1.02 | 3.95 | 8.30 | -0.85 | 0.27 | 17.01 | |||||||||
有机质/ % | 2008年 | 2.72a | 1.03 | 0.79 | 6.43 | 0.79 | 0.84 | 37.77 | ||||||||
2014年 | 2.60a | 1.30 | 0.22 | 6.13 | 0.53 | 0.51 | 44.19 | |||||||||
2021年 | 2.61a | 1.04 | 0.65 | 7.14 | 1.73 | 1.05 | 39.88 | |||||||||
合计 | 2.64 | 1.07 | 0.22 | 7.14 | 1.18 | 0.84 | 40.41 | |||||||||
碱解氮/ (mg/kg) | 2008年 | 110.28ab | 38.68 | 40.53 | 280.67 | 2.79 | 1.16 | 35.07 | ||||||||
2014年 | 123.79a | 61.07 | 15.09 | 317.85 | 4.35 | 1.74 | 54.82 | |||||||||
2021年 | 105.03b | 49.73 | 35.96 | 348.99 | 5.54 | 1.94 | 47.35 | |||||||||
合计 | 108.47 | 48.62 | 15.09 | 348.99 | 4.67 | 1.69 | 44.82 | |||||||||
速效磷/ (mg/kg) | 2008年 | 25.99b | 16.49 | 3.24 | 72.00 | 0.00 | 0.87 | 63.44 | ||||||||
2014年 | 25.28b | 19.03 | 0.57 | 88.64 | 1.11 | 0.87 | 64.97 | |||||||||
2021年 | 51.35a | 40.30 | 2.31 | 279.64 | 6.31 | 2.04 | 78.48 | |||||||||
合计 | 41.69 | 35.69 | 0.57 | 279.64 | 8.80 | 2.37 | 85.61 | |||||||||
速效钾/ (mg/kg) | 2008年 | 172.45b | 92.24 | 35.50 | 569.22 | 2.22 | 1.11 | 53.49 | ||||||||
2014年 | 146.87b | 67.45 | 28.66 | 311.95 | 2.17 | 1.03 | 45.34 | |||||||||
2021年 | 222.65a | 127.22 | 27.23 | 674.37 | 1.05 | 1.11 | 57.14 | |||||||||
合计 | 200.93 | 116.82 | 27.23 | 674.37 | 1.85 | 1.27 | 58.14 |
表3 陆良6个植烟乡镇土壤养分差异显著性分析 |
乡镇 | pH | 有机质/(mg/kg) | 碱解氮/(mg/kg) | 速效磷/(mg/kg) | 速效钾/(mg/kg) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
大莫古 | 6.43±1.10a | 2.17±0.93c | 105.42±57.11a | 22.36±14.17c | 180.91±89.22bc | ||||
小百户 | 5.40±0.75c | 2.10±0.52c | 104.54±52.68a | 54.47±39.59a | 171.06±92.15c | ||||
召夸 | 6.21±1.06ab | 3.13±1.27a | 108.53±36.92a | 37.41±24.57b | 216.74±127.40ab | ||||
芳华 | 6.45±0.94a | 2.60±1.06b | 106.32±36.55a | 45.45±35.87ab | 175.82±95.65bc | ||||
活水 | 5.95±0.99b | 3.01±0.98a | 121.26±46.77a | 25.41±19.59c | 201.58±117.79bc | ||||
龙海 | 6.01±0.93b | 3.19±1.15a | 123.52±67.92a | 42.98±32.11ab | 247.43±137.74a | ||||
大莫古 | 2008 | 6.72±1.35a | 2.19±0.99b | 99.44±56.10b | 19.40±11.70a | 200.17±111.76a | |||
2014 | 5.68±0.92b | 2.83±1.28a | 163.58±80.30a | 22.81±14.26a | 189.43±84.06a | ||||
2021 | 6.48±0.90a | 1.97±0.68b | 92.23±38.44b | 23.93±15.48a | 167.46±75.54a | ||||
小百户 | 2008 | 5.66±0.97a | 2.18±0.58a | 98.65±35.36a | 32.72±18.93b | 158.03±102.86a | |||
2014 | 5.53±0.49ab | 2.17±0.31a | 111.69±48.72a | 31.87±19.12b | 151.85±48.36a | ||||
2021 | 5.26±0.68b | 2.04±0.54a | 104.92±59.53a | 69.71±42.95a | 181.79±96.32a | ||||
召夸 | 2008 | 6.79±0.99a | 3.24±1.18a | 108.65±27.70a | 28.02±16.68a | 169.27±91.64b | |||
2014 | 6.58±0.54a | 3.46±1.61a | 112.80±21.99a | 27.70±21.73a | 145.41±56.33b | ||||
2021 | 5.63±0.96b | 2.95±1.26a | 107.08±47.05a | 47.90±27.19a | 276.75±142.76a | ||||
芳华 | 2008 | 6.68±0.99a | 2.96±1.10a | 115.16±28.67a | 26.87±14.21b | 166.91±84.20ab | |||
2014 | 6.26±0.79a | 2.15±0.76b | 108.72±44.53a | 34.53±18.01b | 131.39±61.25b | ||||
2021 | 6.42±1.00a | 2.69±1.13ab | 98.88±34.89a | 65.16±53.05a | 212.40±109.56a | ||||
活水 | 2008 | 5.87±0.82a | 2.96±1.09ab | 122.77±40.20b | 11.99±8.34b | 122.78±50.31b | |||
2014 | 5.76±0.71a | 3.49±0.92a | 162.27±49.26a | 20.00±10.26b | 196.43±57.56ab | ||||
2021 | 6.09±1.18a | 2.79±0.91b | 99.54±32.24b | 33.48±22.57a | 235.27±143.42a | ||||
龙海 | 2008 | 5.88±0.93a | 3.35±0.62a | 133.88±24.95a | 32.47±16.03ab | 208.02±63.61ab | |||
2014 | 5.59±0.88a | 2.61±1.76a | 154.70±135.10a | 15.92±11.75b | 159.10±114.25b | ||||
2021 | 6.12±0.93a | 3.27±1.09a | 115.74±54.43a | 50.06±33.99a | 271.59±145.27a |
表4 陆良植烟土壤养分丰缺等级分布 % |
地点 | 指标 | 很高 | 高 | 中等 | 低 | 很低 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
陆良县 | pH | 8.91 | 22.49 | 31.18 | 32.74 | 4.68 |
有机质 | 10.47 | 22.05 | 39.87 | 24.72 | 2.90 | |
碱解氮 | 16.04 | 17.37 | 28.95 | 27.17 | 10.47 | |
速效磷 | 36.53 | 34.30 | 18.26 | 8.24 | 2.67 | |
速效钾 | 39.64 | 21.16 | 22.27 | 14.03 | 2.90 | |
大莫古 | pH | 20.00 | 30.77 | 21.54 | 27.69 | 0.00 |
有机质 | 7.69 | 7.69 | 33.85 | 46.15 | 4.62 | |
碱解氮 | 18.46 | 12.31 | 21.54 | 27.69 | 20.00 | |
速效磷 | 9.23 | 36.92 | 35.38 | 15.38 | 3.08 | |
速效钾 | 36.92 | 23.08 | 26.15 | 9.23 | 4.62 | |
小百户 | pH | 1.67 | 3.33 | 40.83 | 44.17 | 10.00 |
有机质 | 0.00 | 6.67 | 51.67 | 39.17 | 2.50 | |
碱解氮 | 10.00 | 11.67 | 30.83 | 40.00 | 7.50 | |
速效磷 | 56.67 | 26.67 | 11.67 | 5.00 | 0.00 | |
速效钾 | 30.00 | 20.83 | 28.33 | 17.50 | 3.33 | |
召夸 | pH | 10.00 | 30.00 | 22.50 | 35.00 | 2.50 |
有机质 | 22.50 | 30.00 | 32.50 | 12.50 | 2.50 | |
碱解氮 | 10.00 | 27.50 | 22.50 | 30.00 | 10.00 | |
速效磷 | 35.00 | 35.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 0.00 | |
速效钾 | 42.50 | 17.50 | 25.00 | 12.50 | 2.50 | |
芳华 | pH | 14.75 | 36.07 | 27.87 | 19.67 | 1.64 |
有机质 | 13.11 | 18.03 | 39.34 | 27.87 | 1.64 | |
碱解氮 | 14.75 | 18.03 | 32.79 | 24.59 | 9.84 | |
速效磷 | 39.34 | 31.15 | 22.95 | 4.92 | 1.64 | |
速效钾 | 32.79 | 21.31 | 18.03 | 24.59 | 3.28 | |
活水 | pH | 7.94 | 26.98 | 28.57 | 30.16 | 6.35 |
有机质 | 14.29 | 28.57 | 47.62 | 9.52 | 0.00 | |
碱解氮 | 22.22 | 22.22 | 31.75 | 15.87 | 7.94 | |
速效磷 | 12.70 | 44.44 | 23.81 | 12.70 | 6.35 | |
速效钾 | 34.92 | 30.16 | 23.81 | 9.52 | 1.59 | |
龙海 | pH | 7.00 | 26.00 | 33.00 | 31.00 | 3.00 |
有机质 | 16.00 | 45.00 | 28.00 | 6.00 | 5.00 | |
碱解氮 | 21.00 | 20.00 | 30.00 | 19.00 | 10.00 | |
速效磷 | 44.00 | 37.00 | 10.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | |
速效钾 | 59.00 | 16.00 | 13.00 | 10.00 | 2.00 |
表5 陆良植烟土壤养分的半方差函数模型及参数 |
土壤养分 | 理论模型 | 块金值 | 基台值 | 块金效应/% | 长轴变程 | 短轴变程 | 各向异性比 | 标准化平均误差 | 标准化均方根误差 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | Circular | 0.0231 | 0.0307 | 75.24 | 0.301 | 0.161 | 1.869 | -0.030 | 0.978 |
有机质 | Rational Quadratic | 0.0169 | 0.1001 | 16.88 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | -0.052 | 0.981 |
碱解氮 | pentaspherical | 0.0105 | 0.1272 | 8.25 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | -0.067 | 0.993 |
速效磷 | Hole effect | 0.2925 | 0.4701 | 62.22 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 0.808 |
速效钾 | Gaussian | 0.1884 | 0.2388 | 78.89 | 0.078 | 0.026 | 3.000 | -0.022 | 0.912 |
[1] |
陈江华, 李志宏, 刘建利, 等. 全国主要烟区土壤养分丰缺状况评价[J]. 中国烟草学报, 2004, 11(3):14-18.
|
[2] |
孙奕荷, 张凯, 鲁琪飞, 等. 三个典型植烟生态区土壤养分适宜性评价[J]. 作物杂志, 2023(1):115-121.
|
[3] |
谭智勇, 谌潇雄, 刘杰, 等. 贵州省铜仁市植烟土壤主要养分空间变异特征分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2022(2):189-194.
|
[4] |
武德传, 王维洁, 施寒丰, 等. 喀斯特山地植烟土壤养分空间变异及分区研究[J]. 核农学报, 2016, 30(8):1625-1632.
|
[5] |
张浩, 彭月月, 李斌, 等. 宜宾地区土壤养分空间变异及其丰缺状况分析[J]. 中国烟草科学, 2016, 37(4):30-36.
|
[6] |
李杰, 徐兴阳, 杨树明, 等. 昆明市植烟土壤养分时空变异特征及其适应性评价[J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 44(2):424-434.
|
[7] |
郭迎新, 陈永亮, 苗琪, 等. 洱海流域植烟土壤养分时空变异特征及肥力评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(10):1987-1999.
|
[8] |
李强, 周冀衡, 杨荣生, 等. 曲靖植烟土壤养分空间变异及土壤肥力适宜性评价[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(4):950-956.
|
[9] |
李强, 周冀衡, 张一扬, 等. 基于地统计学的曲靖植烟土壤主要养分丰缺评价[J]. 烟草科技, 2012, 304:69-73.
|
[10] |
杨树明, 余小芬, 邹炳礼, 等. 曲靖植烟土壤pH和主要养分空间变异特征及其影响因素[J]. 土壤, 2021, 53(6):1299-1308.
|
[11] |
柳立. 陆良植烟土壤养分丰缺评价研究[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2014.
|
[12] |
崔超岗. 陆良植烟土壤养分状况与新型肥料施用技术研究[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2016.
|
[13] |
王育军, 李爽, 李强, 等. 云南陆良县烟区土壤肥力评价及其影响因素[J]. 湖南文理学院学报(自然科学版), 2018, 30(3):89-94.
|
[14] |
李强, 刘晓颖, 王佩, 等. 云南陆良植烟土壤有效磷空间变异及其对烟叶质量和面源污染潜在风险的评估[J]. 中国烟草学报, 2015, 504:79-87.
|
[15] |
周开燕, 李志伟, 汤术开, 等. 基于GIS的陆良烟区土壤主要养分空间变异特征[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2016, 55(17):4406-4410,4415.
|
[16] |
崔超岗, 周冀衡, 李强, 等. 陆良县植烟土壤类型与土壤肥力的灰色关联度分析[J]. 西南农业学报, 2016, 29(5):1172-1176.
|
[17] |
陈江华, 刘建利, 李志宏, 等. 中国植烟土壤及烟草养分综合管理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2008.
|
[18] |
孙敬国, 李先豪, 张鹏龙, 等. 酸化对植烟土壤影响研究进展[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2020, 48(2):20-22.
|
[19] |
杨宇虹, 冯柱安, 晋艳, 等. 酸性土壤的烟株生长及烟叶产质量调控研究[J]. 云南农业大学学报, 2004, 19(1):41-44.
|
[20] |
魏国胜, 周恒, 朱杰, 等. 土壤pH值对烟草根茎部病害的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2011(1):140-143.
|
[21] |
张东, 扈强, 杜咏梅, 等. 植烟土壤酸化及改良技术研究进展[J]. 中国烟草科学, 2013, 34(5):113-118.
|
[22] |
刘浩. 保山烟区植烟土壤酸化状况和成因分析及改良方法对烤烟品质的影响[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2017.
|
[23] |
朱梓弘, 朱同彬, 杨霖, 等. 中国土壤碱解氮含量与影响因子的空间关系研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2019, 28(11):2199-2207.
|
[24] |
吴薇, 韩相龙, 郑璞帆, 等. 移栽方式与施氮量对烤烟生长发育和产质量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(2):535-543.
|
[25] |
李强, 戴美玲, 向德明, 等. 湘西喀斯特区植烟土壤有效磷时空变异及风险评估[J]. 土壤, 2018, 50(1):181-189.
|
[26] |
邓小华, 杨丽丽, 周米良, 等. 湘西喀斯特区植烟土壤速效钾含量分布及影响因素[J]. 山地学报, 2013, 31(5):519-526.
|
[27] |
孟凡, 罗建新, 蔡叶, 等. 土壤速效磷对烟草生长发育及干物质积累与分配的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2022(2):203-210.
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |