In order to understand the spatial variation in soil fertility of cultivated land in the Hangzhou region, and provide the basis for scientific fertilization, a comparison of differences in pH value, organic matter, total N, available P, available K and CEC of the soils was carried out among four landforms, including plain with water network, coastal plain, valley plain and hilly areas. The results showed that soil acidification in cultivated land in valley plain and hilly area was most obvious in the Hangzhou region. The contents of organic matter and total nitrogen and fertilizer retention capacity (CEC) were significantly lower than those of other areas. Besides the plain with water network, soil available K of the cultivated land was generally low. Soil available P in each of four agricultural landform areas varied greatly, and affected by fertilization. On the whole, fertility of cultivated soil in water net plain is the highest in the region. Some fertilization countermeasures for each of agricultural landform areas were put forward. It was important to increase input of organic fertilizers and improve basic fertility of the cultivated land in the coastal plain. Soil testing and fertilization was an important work in the plain with water network, and application rate of fertilizers should be determined according to the actual status of soil nutrient. Using limestone to decrease soil acidity and appropriately increase the dosage of potassium fertilizer should be available ways to modify soil quality of the cultivated land in valley plain and hilly areas.