The application of coeno-species, germplasm resource change and development history of heterosis pattern were analyzed with varieties whose promotion area was more than 13000 hectares in Heilongjiang Province from 1980 to 2012. The results showed that there were 21 varieties whose planting area was more than 100000 hectares every year, but only‘Demeiya1’and‘Demeiya2’had high density tolerance and were suitable for machine harvest, so the breeding of varieties with high density tolerance and machine harvest suitability should be enhanced. The local germplasm (50% in 1980s, 26% in 1990s, and then decreased quickly) and Lancaster germplasm (21% in 1980s, 42% in 1990s, 45% in 2000s, 35%in 2010s) played key roles in maize breeding in Heilongjiang Province, Reid germlasm (4% in 1980s, 4% in 1990s, 17% in 2000s, 23% in 2010s) was more and more important. After 2000, the germplasm resource was concentrated to the four main germplasms, but the application of LRC germplasm was less; the four main germplasms ration in heterosis pattern was 87.2% in 1980s, 69.2% in 1990s, 71.4% in 2000s and 56.8% in 2010s, which indicated that heterosis pattern increased gradually and the proportion of main heterosis pattern decreased.