Time-frequency analysis is one of the important methods to study thin layer. Time-frequency analysis technology studies thin layer structure according to the time-frequency variation law of seismic response, but the resolution of seismic thin layer response features in frequency domain is limited. The author constructs a seismic thin layer identification method based on two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) constrained synchronous squeezing wavelet transform. That is, 2DPCA constrained synchronous extrusion wavelet transform (2DPCACSWT) can obtain a high precision thin-layer data body. The key steps of the seismic thin layer identification method proposed in this paper are: Firstly, the wavelet coefficients are obtained by wavelet transform, secondly, the wavelet coefficients are converted from the time-scale plane to the time-frequency plane, and then the wavelet coefficients are rearranged in the frequency direction to obtain the synchronous extrusion transform value. Finally, a result with strong energy focusing and effective time-frequency characteristics of the data can be obtained by 2DPCA constraint. This result serves as a data body indicating seismic thin layer information. The wedge-shaped model and practical data prove that 2DPCACSWT method provides a new technique for thin layer space characterization.