Geomagnetic activity, which refers to the time and space variations of Earth's internal and external magnetic fields, has always been a research focus in the field of Earth sciences and acts as an important medium in exploring the Earth's space environment. In recent years, the impact of geomagnetic activity on human health has gained widespread attention, becoming a new research hotspot. Based on existing literature in this field, this paper systematically reviews the effects of geomagnetic activity on human health: It first summarizes the negative impacts of geomagnetic phenomena like magnetic storms caused by solar activity on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, mental health disorders, and other physiological states (illnesses), along with a medical interpretation of these effects' mechanisms. The paper then looks forward to the future from three aspects: the establishment of a theoretical system linking geomagnetic activity and human health, the prediction and early warning of geomagnetic events, and protective measures against the hazards of geomagnetic activity. This provides a feasible reference for researchers further exploring this area and has significant practical significance.