The development of fault and fracture systems usually leads to risks such as well leakage and water invasion during the drilling process. The complex geological structure、strong reservoir heterogeneity、developed faults and poor quality seismic data in the high sulfur area of the northeastern Sichuan Basin make it challenging for the fine delineation of the distribution laws of faults and fractures in the study area using the conventional technologies such as curvature and coherence et al, and cannot effectively guide the optimization design of drilling trajectories. Therefore, the fracture fine characterization technology of maximum likelihood attribute based on structure orientation is proposed according to the geological characteristics of the study area, and it can finely depict the distribution regularity of fractures. The analysis of the existing drilling trajectory design illustrates that the areas where well leakage and water invasion occur during the actual drilling process have a certain degree of consistency with the predicted fracture development area, indicating the accuracy of fracture characterization. In subsequent drilling trajectory design, the fracture area has been avoided effectively, reducing the risk of well leakage and water invasion. Therefore, the areas where faults and fractures developed in the study area can be accurately depicted using the technology, and then guiding the optimization design of the drilling trajectory. The proposed method can reduce the risks of well leakage, water invasion, etc. during the drilling process, which is of great significance for drilling design and drilling safety.