Tar-rich coal is a kind of coal-based oil and gas resource. It is of practical significance to guarantee the supply of oil and gas resources and realize the green and low-carbon utilization of coal. Compared with traditional coal, tar-rich coal has high tar yield. However, the research on influencing factors and quantitative characterization methods of tar yield is relatively weak at present. Based on the logging data and basic experimental analysis data of key coal wells in the five coalfields of Shaanxi Province, the main influencing factors of coal tar yield are systematically analyzed, and the quantitative evaluation method of coal tar yield is tried to establish. The results shown: (1) Tar yield is mainly affected by coal quality, coalification degree and coal forming environment. A method was established to calculate the industrial components of coal with conventional logging data, identify the degree of coalification with the fixed carbon and volatile content without water and ash, and evaluate the coal formation environment with the mineral content calculated by elemental logging combined with the end-member analysis method of coal ash composition, thus realizing the quantitative characterization of the factors affecting the tar yield; (2) Under the comprehensive consideration of coal rank, coal quality and coal ash composition, the calculation results are in good agreement with the actual core analysis results, which provides a new idea for the subsequent identification and evaluation of oil-rich coal.