Electromagnetic detection has become an important means of archaeological geophysics due to its good resolution of good conductors, small terrain limitations, and high work efficiency. The detection depth and resolution are important factors that constrain the development of electromagnetic archaeological exploration. Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted more research on combining electromagnetic methods with other methods (such as magnetic method, seismic exploration, gravity exploration, etc.) to compensate for the limitations of electromagnetic methods in the field of archaeological exploration, while there are few references to analyze archaeological target models from the perspective of method innovation. This article mainly uses finite element method and combines archaeological target models to conduct two-dimensional forward simulation of high-frequency electromagnetic methods proposed in the field of archaeological exploration in recent years. Firstly, a definite solution equation is derived based on boundary conditions. Secondly, shallow, weak, and small archaeological target models are established and triangulated. For this model, the electromagnetic field components and apparent resistivity response characteristics of anomalous bodies were studied under different resistivity, burial depth, and receiving frequency. The results show that: (1) the resolution of high-frequency electromagnetic method for low resistivity bodies (24%) is much higher than that for high resistivity bodies (10%). However, due to the shallow burial depth and high observation frequency of archaeological relics, both low and high resistivity archaeological relics have a response, which is also the advantage of high-frequency electromagnetic method for archaeological research; (2) For shallow high resistivity target models, within the design frequency band, the higher the frequency, the more obvious the apparent resistivity response curve, and the Hz curve pattern is opposite to the apparent resistivity.