Before and after a large earthquake, the weather often changes abnormally and produces precipitation in the earthquake area. Based on the meteorological data of surface temperature, Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) and actual precipitation 10 days before and 5 days after the earthquake happening, this paper analyzed the abnormal changes of surfaces temperature and ZTD before and after the earthquake based on the methods of Z-Score (ZS) and wavelet transform. The results shown that there were large-scale surface temperature anomalies within 5°×5° of the epicenter, and the ZS index of the epicenter was relatively large. The earthquake occurred in the decline stage after the ZS index reaches its peak. The ZTD shown several significant rises and decline changes, the rainfall occurred at the same time. The ZS index of surface temperature showed obvious similarities with the ZTD changes. The ZS index reached the peak earlier than ZTD, indicating that the abnormal changes of ZTD were highly correlated with the surface temperature. The ZTD after wavelet decomposition and reconstruction will show abnormal peak or trough signals 1~3 days before and after the earthquake happening, indicating that the intensified water vapor fluctuation is one of the indicators of precipitation. Therefore, the ZS index abnormal fluctuation of surface temperature and the ZTD peak or valley signal after wavelet decomposition and reconstruction can provide references for short-term earthquake forecast and post-earthquake secondary meteorological disaster prevention.